Diplomacy and How America Does It

In its basic social sense, â€Å"diplomacy† is defined as the art of getting along with other people in a sensitive, tactful, and effective manner. In its political sense, diplomacy is the art of conducting polite, non-confrontational negotiations between representatives, knows as â€Å"diplomats,† of various nations. Typical issues dealt with through international diplomacy include war and peace, trade relations, economics, culture, human rights, and the environment. As part of their jobs, diplomats often negotiate treaties  -- formal, binding agreements between nations -- which must then be approved or â€Å"ratified† by the governments of the individual nations involved. In short, the goal of international diplomacy is to reach mutually acceptable solutions to common challenges facing nations in a peaceful, civil manner. How the US Uses Diplomacy Supplemented by military strength along with economic and political influence, the United States depends on diplomacy as the primary means of achieving its foreign policy goals. Within the U.S. federal government, the presidential Cabinet-level Department of State has primary responsibility for conducting international diplomatic negotiations. Using the best practices of diplomacy, the ambassadors and other representatives of the Department of State work to achieve the agency’s mission to â€Å"shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just, and democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American people and people everywhere.† State Department diplomats represent the interests of the United States in a diverse and rapidly-evolving field of multi-national discussions and negotiations involving issues such as cyber warfare, climate change, sharing outer space, human trafficking, refugees, trade, and unfortunately, war and peace. While some areas of negotiation, such as trade agreements, offer changes for both sides to benefit, more complex issues involving the interests of multiple nations or those that are particularly sensitive to one side or the other can make reaching an agreement more difficult. For U.S. diplomats, the requirement for Senate approval of agreements further complicates negotiations by limiting their room to maneuver. According to the Department of State, the two most important skills diplomats need are a complete understanding of the U.S. view on the issue and an appreciation of the culture and interests of the foreign diplomats involved. â€Å"On multilateral issues, diplomats need to understand how their counterparts think and express their unique and differing beliefs, needs, fears, and intentions,† notes the Department of State. Rewards and Threats are Tools of Diplomacy During their negotiations, diplomats may use two very different tools to reach agreements: rewards and threats. Rewards, such as the sale of arms, economic aid, shipments of food or medical assistance, and promises of new trade are often used to encourage agreement. Threats, usually in the form of sanctions restricting trade, travel or immigration, or cutting off financial aid are sometimes used when negotiations become deadlocked. Forms of Diplomatic Agreements: Treaties and More Assuming they end successfully, diplomatic negotiations will result in an official, written agreement detailing the responsibilities and expected actions of all nations involved. While the best-known form of diplomatic agreements is the treaty, there are others. Treaties A treaty is a formal, written agreement between or among countries and international organizations or sovereign states. In the United States, treaties are negotiated through the executive branch by the Department of State. After diplomats from all countries involved have agreed to and signed the treaty, the President of the United States sends it to the U.S. Senate for its â€Å"advice and consent† on ratification. If the Senate approves the treaty by a two-thirds majority vote, it is returned to the White House for the president’s signature. Since most other countries have similar procedures for ratifying treaties, it can take sometimes take years for them to be fully approved and implemented. For example, while Japan surrendered to allied forces in World War II on September 2, 1945, the U.S. did not ratify a Treaty of Peace with Japan until September 8, 1951. Interestingly, the U.S. has never agreed to a peace treaty with Germany, largely because of the political division of Germany in the years after the war. In the United States, a treaty may be nullified or canceled only by the enactment of a bill approved by Congress and signed by the president.   Treaties are created to deal with a wide array of multinational issues including peace, trade, human rights, geographic borders, immigration, national independence, and more. As times change, the scope of subjects covered by treaties widens to keep pace with current events. In 1796, for example, the U.S. and Tripoli agreed to a treaty to protect American citizens from kidnapping and ransom by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2001, the United States and 29 other countries agreed to an international agreement to combat cybercrime. Conventions A diplomatic convention is a type of treaty that defines an agreed-upon framework for further diplomatic relations between independent countries on a wide variety of issues. In most cases, countries create diplomatic conventions to help deal with shared concerns. In 1973, for example, representatives of 80 countries, including the United States, formed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to protect rare plants and animals around the world. Alliances Nations typically create diplomatic alliances to deal with mutual security, economic or political issues or threats. For example, in 1955, the Soviet Union and several Eastern European communist countries formed a political and military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union proposed the Warsaw Pact as a response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), formed by the United States, Canada and Western European nations in 1949. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Since then, several Eastern European nations have joined NATO. Accords While diplomats work to agree on the terms of a binding treaty, they will sometimes agree to voluntary agreements called â€Å"accords.† Accords are often created while negotiating particularly complicated or controversial treaties involving many countries. For example, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol is an accord among nations to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases.   Who Are the Diplomats? Along with an administrative support staff, each of the nearly 300 U.S. embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions worldwide is overseen by one presidentially appointed â€Å"ambassador† and group of â€Å"Foreign Service Officers† who assist the ambassador. The ambassador also coordinates the work of representatives of other U.S. federal government agencies in the country. At some large overseas embassies, personnel from as many as 27 federal agencies work in concert with the embassy staff. The ambassador is the president’s top-ranking diplomatic representative to foreign nations or international organizations, like the United Nations. Ambassadors are appointed by the president and must be confirmed by a simple majority vote of the Senate. At larger embassies, the ambassador is often assisted by a â€Å"deputy chief of mission (DCM). In their role as â€Å"chargà © daffaires,† the DCMs serve as the acting ambassador when the main ambassador is outside the host country or when the post is vacant. The DCM also oversees the day-to-day administrative management of the embassy, as well as the work if the Foreign Service Officers. Foreign Service Officers are professional, trained diplomats who represent U.S. interests abroad under the direction of the ambassador. The Foreign Service Officers observe and analyze current events and public opinion in the host nation and report their findings to the ambassador and Washington. The idea is to ensure that U.S. foreign policy is responsive to the needs of the host nation and its people. An embassy generally houses five types of Foreign Service Officers: Economic Officers: work with the host nation’s government to negotiate new trade laws, ensure internet freedom, protect the environment, or fund scientific and medical advances.Management Officers: are the â€Å"go-to† diplomats with responsibility for all embassy operations from real estate to staffing to budgeting.Political Officers: advise the ambassador on political events, public opinion, and cultural changes in the host nation.Public Diplomacy Officers: have the sensitive job of building support for U.S. policies within the host nation through public participation; social media; educational, cultural and sports programs; and all manner of daily â€Å"people-to-people† relations.Consular Officers: assist and protect American citizens in the host nation. If you lose your passport, get in trouble with the law, or want to get married to a foreigner overseas, the Consular Officers can help. So, what qualities or traits do diplomats need to be effective? As Benjamin Franklin said, â€Å"The qualities of a diplomat are sleepless tact, unmovable calmness, and a patience that no folly, no provocation, no blunders may shake.†

Food Warning Labels - 1561 Words

Warning Labels Sergio Mansilla Devry University People know what are they exactly they are eating? No because there is no warning labels in the food packages. Same may oppose my position. To argue that warning labels are necessary for fast food. It would cause consumers to think twice before they decide to eat fast food. However, my research has says warning labels should be on food and help people understands what they are eating. â€Å"Americans continue to face many challenges as they debater these important issues and aim to make the food supply as safe as possible†. Warning labels should be including in food packages because they will help people take control of what they consume and food industries will have to provide healthier†¦show more content†¦The mainstream companies are buying organic food companies. Some of which sell organic, healthy sounding chips, cookies, sodas, but they are still sailing some other unhealthy junk food we eat. But also there not enough food to give to everyone in world but if eve ryone purchase a little more of organic food from farmers markets it would make a huge differences. Right now only a small fraction of the population is buying more organic foods with labels, also fraction are growing and the food industry needs growth for us to eat healthier. Adding a Nutrition information panel will guide buyers to choose healthier products to help people avoid unhealthy diets. The food industry influences nutrition and health. In negative or positive way that depending if it has a food label Nestlà © Marion ascertains food producers and manufactures of dietary supplements convinced the public, and congress that their products did not need to be regulated by the a Food and the Drug Administration. Also questionable effects of â€Å"fortifying foods† considered junk food is that practice that promotes unhealthy eating more negative affect of the food industry are also examined. Children are also a prime target for food industry. The producers know exactly what is going on with our food products and manufactures because they have seen it in person when pursues the food products. It the food companies should be involvedShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 Pagesjunk food companies, this outbreak cont inues to claim thousands of lives each year. In our country today, this epidemic trails tobacco use in the second leading cause of preventable death. Many researchers have studied this horrible plague, and the only cure is the motivation to live a healthier lifestyle. 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And, in 1985 other labels including warnings for Lung Cancer, Heart Diseases, Emphysema and that Smoking during pregnancy is Dangerous, wereRead MoreAnalysis Of DonT Blame The Eater By David Zinczenco1057 Words   |  5 Pagesbut, big corporations and fast food restaurants have a big part in this obesity epidemic. Although Zinczenco does not say so directly, he apparently assumes that the fast food industry is completely at fault for the growing health issues in children, including diabetes. Throughout his article, he makes it clear that an individual should be able to obtain self control whenever consuming fast food, however, he goes into explanation that the deception on food labels is what really fumes the flamesRead MoreObesity : A Growing Epidemic908 Words   |  4 Pagesa more western one, the rate of worldwide o besity has doubled since 1980. A western diet primarily consists of highly processed foods. This type of food is composed of high concentrations of sugar, sodium, fats, and carbohydrates. Through trade and multinational fast-food companies, globalization has allowed greater access to these very cheap and unhealthy processed foods. The trend of globalization increasing the number of obese people has been labeled by the World Health Organization as â€Å"globesity†Read MoreThe Importance Of Labeling Gmos948 Words   |  4 Pagesunnecessary, citizens disagree and suggest GMOs should be labeled because labels provide benefits and also allow people to have positive attitudes regarding GMOs; also not labeling GMOs infringes on an American citizen’s freedom and the labels could start a governmental public campaign which could present positive nutritional attributes. When reading a label often times people are turned away from a product because the label contains a word that media has deemed corrupt or unfit. GMOs should be labeledRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater1173 Words   |  5 Pagessuing fast food companies for making them fat. He tells the readers that the consumer is not necessarily at fault, the food industry is the true culprit. Zinczenko argues that children are not at fault and the fast-food industry is to blame for selling unhealthy food with inadequate nutritional information available. The problem of children eating too much fast food has become a national crisis, causing an increase in childhood diabetes and obesity in recent years. The lack of healthier food alternativesRead MoreSafety Of Food And Drugs Consumption1448 Words   |  6 PagesSafety in food and drugs consumption is a necessity to consumers. It is the FDA s responsibility to ensure food and drug safety for the public. That’s why the FDA is what happens when a gency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness. As the Food and Drug Administration Progresses it had became a reliable source for Americans .President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938 to provide the publicRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods: Are They killing Us?849 Words   |  3 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms are foods that have had their DNA altered scientifically to either produce bigger crops, resist diseases, and control insects as well as weeds and other crop related hazards. While the companies that manufacture GMO’s throughout the world state that these crops are safe for human consumption, many people disagree with the companies claim of safety. Several scientific studies that have been conducted on GMO’s show that these foods have the potential to cause significant

Comparison of Haitian and French Revolutions free essay sample

While there are some major similarities and differences among these two revolts, the Haitian Revolution was more enlightened and fought for a more righteous cause. One way that the Haitian revolution was more enlightened than the French Revolution was in the way that women were treated during and after the revolts. While Haitians put gender aside to fight racial hatred, in France the women were fighting with the men against the upperclass and also simultaneously fighting against their own class for social equality. They weren’t allowed to vote and also weren’t considered citizens. The real kicker in all of this, is that women weren’t even considered to be a prosecuted group of people. For the most part, it was believed that this submissive way of life was just women’s role in society, so there was no need to change it. [1] Ironically, women were the driving force behind the revolution when men started to lose faith. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Haitian and French Revolutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the biggest events that led to the success of the French Revolution was the invasion of Versailles where a huge group of people, mainly women, charged the city going after the Queen. They also killed several guards and stole flour from the King’s chamber in the process and marched the royal carriage carrying the King and Queen to Paris so they could see what life was really like outside of their royal city. [2] Even after women proved their worth to society with actions like these, they were still excluded when the people of France finally overthrew the monarchy and formed a democracy. Once this new â€Å"equal† form of government was established, women still had to fight for many more years before being seen as equals to the men they helped to gain those rights. Before the Haitian Revolution, slaves of both sexes were tortured and oppressed in the same ways. During the revolution, the slaves worked together towards a common goal of freedom without concerns of gender. This shows in the aftermath of the revolts when the slaves were granted freedom, because men and women of color had gained the same rights. The male slaves were able to recognize that their sisters and wives struggled just as much as they had and that the women had contributed to the efforts just as much as the men did; and that they deserved these same rights. After being treated so badly for so long, the slaves were much more appreciative of freedom and didn’t fights amongst themselves over who they felt deserved more freedom. In their eyes, they had been equals for a long time. Probably one of the main reasons that the Haitian Revolution was more enlightened than the French is simply for the sole purpose of the two revolutions. For France, the middle class was extremely upset at the fact that the clergy and the King and Queen were more than comfortable with money and food while the rest of France was hungry and barely making ends meet. 3] While this was a serious inequality and the people had every right to be angry, it still doesn’t compare with the sufferings of the slaves in Haiti. They were not only treated as property, but were brutally abused. While the people in France were upset that the jobs they had weren’t providing them with much, the slaves in Haiti were being forced to labor on plantations that they did n’t want, and beaten or killed if they showed any signs of opposition. Sometimes owners of the slaves would make them punish each other in front of their friends and families in order to make a point. 4] The fact that the slaves were fighting against something so brutal is what makes their revolution so much more inspiring and worthwhile. The French were fighting because they wanted money to be distributed more evenly, and the slaves wanted to be treated like human beings, rather than animals that no one really wanted. Some people argue that the French were more rational about their protest methods because the slaves of Haiti based their entire revolt around violence. Although the French Revolution became very bloody with the Great Terror, there were always people who opposed the violence and the terror only occurred after years of protest had gotten them nowhere. At first it was Robespierre who strived for more peaceful ways of opposition. Once he got to be more volatile with his ideals, people finally killed him and ended the violent acts taking place and finished their revolution without the mass killings. [5] In Haiti, the revolution began and ended with massacres. At first, the slaves started attacking their masters and burning their fields. With no one to follow, everything was pretty chaotic. Then a leader emerged and it looked as things may begin to calm down. Toussaint Louverture had grown up on a progressive plantation where he learned to read and write and grew up to study African and European cultures. He was respected by the slaves and drew up a proposal for freedom while trying to keep the slaves from being violent. Although his proposal was more than reasonable, the whites declined and the slaves once again began killing off their owners, burning plantations and even fighting off European armies until they gained their freedom several years later. 6] Although it appears as if the Haitian slaves didn’t try very hard to remain peaceful in their attempts at gaining freedom, they had a serious disadvantage that the French middle class did not. In France, the middle class men were still seen as people, just people with less worth than those who were part of the clergy or in the government. This sounds awful and it was, but people will still listen to other peopl e if enough of them are saying the same thing. The slaves in Haiti weren’t even seen as people and were treated worse than animals. While one can say that one attempt at a peaceful protest isn’t enough to justify killing thousands of people, in reality, they had no choice. Their opinion was never going to have any validity in the eyes of the people who were in control and if they wanted freedom, they were going to have to take it for themselves. Both the French and Haitian revolutions were huge turning points for oppressed people in the 18th century. While the French middle class was fighting against their government for equal representation and a more fair distribution of wealth, the slaves of Haiti were fighting for their freedom. However, because of France’s attitude towards women and the overall reasons for the beginnings of these revolutions, it’s clear that the Haitian slaves had a better understanding of humanity and were the more enlightened people throughout their struggle, regardless of their methods of obtaining their freedom. Their battle against racism and discrimination is one that people today can appreciate and learn from, and will forever be a representation of what can be accomplished when enough people fight for what they believe in with passion. Works Cited Aste, Patricia. Egalite for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution. Koval Films, LLC. 2009. Shultz, Doug. The French Revolution. Peter Schnall. 2005. Wajda, Andrzej, Dir. Danton. Les Films de Losange, 1983. Film. Willis, Stuart. â€Å"Women and the French Revolution. † Michigan State University.

Review for the World That Trade Created free essay sample

In trade routes and otherwise greed led to violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Review for the World That Trade Created or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was demonstrated through slavery, piracy, and control of ivory and opium. African slavery began from greed; Europeans needed labor to fuel their large trading productions and manufacturing of the traded goods. Micronesian slavery and destruction was caused by the Spanish conquistadors in their infamous quest for gold, god, and glory. Through greed the conquistadors decimated an entire civilization to obtain their gold.However the British and Dutch reaped many economic benefits of this perhaps even without knowledge of where heir wealth had come from. Piracy, also fueled by greed, began as small bands, but eventually transformed into large companies of corporate raiders. The demanding trade Of ivory and opium came from greed and addiction. They became key luxury items for wealthy Europeans, and it was the incentive for wars and violence. Boomerang demonstrates throughout chapter five that greed led to violence.Gold, God, and Glory powered everything in the beginning. The Spanish enslaved the Aztec when they conquered them to help them with sugar production rates, increasing their profit. The Spanish also attempted to invert the Aztec to Catholicism, and if they rebelled, they were forced into slavery in the name of God. Lastly, they were immensely proud because they managed to conquer the Aztec, claiming the land as their own while also beginning the use of slavery.Slavery was also pertinent later in history when the Dutch, seeking revenge upon the Spanish while also being enticed by the wealth sugar trade brought, conquered a port in Brazil, controlling the sugar trade. However, they did not have enough slaves to take advantage of the sugar, so although they opposed it at first, traveled to African ports and obtained slaves by exchanging luxury goods for human lives. Although the Portuguese regained control of the sugar production in Brazil, the Dutch still utilized the advantages of slavery in Africa and the exploitation of human lives that were not theirs to control.Lastly, Robinson Crusoe eventually learned to abandon his ideas of self sufficiency and rejection of luxury, and entered into the slave trade, enticed by the wealth it would bring him. Before corporations, there were family ties. Blo od was the medium that bound together the many companies of the time. One example of such a Emily company was Samuel Resellers fur trading house. As Rockefeller added to his company, he also prepared his son Max to take over the company in the future. Eventually, Max would continue passing the company to his three sons.However, by the 16005, there was an obvious advantage to using corporations to conduct business. Corporations were impersonal alliances that provided a logical and easy way to do business on a large-?global-?scale. The first corporations were anonymous with wide distributions of power and not really necessary until the railroad boom in the sass. However, these corporations gave birth to something useful at the time: corporate raiders. With the amount of sea trade that was happening, corporate raiders became the new pirates.Made of refugees, criminals, runaways, and mercenaries, corporate raiders are referred to as multinational, multivalent, democratic bands of sea rovers. Although they had less dignity and were more violent than traditional pirates, corporate raiders were often favored in the eyes of the law, signifying governments involvement in trade. After all, trade was a fruitful source of income. As the greed and available wealth grew, so did violence on the seas. The history of trade has taught us a lesson about greed, and the horrors it can lead to.Greed for products often leads towards violence. Two outstanding examples of this were the result of Great Britains greed for Chinese Tea, and King Loopholes desire to begin an ivory market. Hooked on the imported Chinese Tea, British people had little to Offer in return. Struggling to find compensation for their needed beverage, the British discovered the advantages of trading opium for tea. Easily seducing the Chinese with a cheep alternative for compensation, their greed for tea only grew.Becoming comfortable with their trading situation, the British were infuriated when the Chinese attempted to stop the Opium Trade. Finally resulting in battles between the British and Chinese, (know as the Opium Wars), the British were guaranteed their tea, and granted what they wanted, at the cost of violence. King Leopold II, the monarch of Belgium. Having a lack of colonies, King Loopholes only hope for new territory would be in Africa. He began to show interest in Africa by becoming an advocate for illegal slave read and other issues thus becoming popular among the African people.Building roads, hospitals, and other infrastructure the African population began to acquire a strong trust for him. Starting his turn on Africa, King Leopold began to use African mercenaries in 1 879 to control the Kong. His reasons for this were to control much land in Africa and declare the seized land his property. Gaining wealth from the trading the abundant ivory, his greed for land and tusks only grew. Natives were eventually brutalized, ears and limbs were severed off of those that opposed him. After leaving piles of dead elephants for the natives to discard, his soldiers sailed down the Congo river shooting the Landau, or Mongo for sport. King Loopholes greed for wealth from ivory trade brought horrible violence to the people of Africa, and caused a decrease in the elephant population. Both the trade of tea, and ivory caused greed for those who desired it, and when the threat of a stop to the trade presented itself, violence was the only answer, today we can see the same pattern carrying out as it did hundreds of years ago, as greed for oil grows.

Its Not About School Prayer Essays - Prayer, Religion And Children

It's Not About School Prayer The question of school prayer has been moved from one of the storage rooms way beyond the wings to somewhere prominently on stage, if not front stage and center. The most important thing about the discussion of a school prayer amendment is not school prayer as such. People of eminently good sense and religious conviction can disagree about whether there should be prayer in public schools and, if so, what kind of prayer and who should be in charge of it. Those decisions should be made by thousands of communities and local school boards across the country. That is called democracy. An amendment is needed not to mandate or even to encourage school prayer but to restore to the people their right and responsibility to deliberate and decide a question that bears upon the kind of education they want for their children. Parents who are serious about the moral and religious formation of their children should have no illusions that adding a prayer at the beginning of the school day will achieve that goal. Public policy should help such parents send their children to schools that share their educational goals. This means school vouchers, education tax credits, flexible charter schools, or other instruments that can enable parents to exercise real choice in education. That, however, does not obviate the need for a school prayer amendment, which might better be called an educational democracy amendment. Quite apart from the merits or demerits of prayer in public schools, an amendment is needed for three reasons. First, it is a necessary check upon the overreach of the imperial judiciary. The school prayer decisions of the early 1960s were a particularly blatant instance of judicial activism. The Constitution neither mandates nor prohibits prayer in the schools. What the Constitution says about school prayer is absolutely nothing. For almost two centuries nobody thought that school prayer was a constitutional question. It was up to local communities and their school boards. (Some scholars claim that a fairly small percentage of public schools actually had such prayer.) That is the way it should be again. Those who claim that the American people are not capable of deciding the question in a civil and mutually respectful manner reveal an unseemly contempt for the democratic process. Our point, however, is that what the Constitution does not say is unconstitutional is not unconstitution al. The Constitution does not say that prayer in the public schools is unconstitutional, therefore it is not unconstitutional. One may argue that school prayer is unfair, divisive, mischievous, or just plain dumb. But it is not unconstitutional, and apparently it will take an amendment to make that clear. The second reason for an amendment is that it will challenge the judicial advancement of the pernicious ideology of the naked public square, of American public life denuded of religion and religiously grounded values. Whatever else one may think of the school prayer decisions of the 1960s, they sent a powerful message that ours is a secular society, and that a secular society is one in which religion must be expunged from any sphere that is designated as public. Combine that with the notion that public is a synonym for governmental and the conclusion is inescapable that religion must retreat wherever government advances-and government advances almost everywhere. This has been the unhappy pattern of more than thirty years. An amendment can check that pattern and perhaps, in due course, reverse it. The third reason for an amendment, closely connected to the first two, is that the incoherence of church-state jurisprudence over the last three decades is tied up with the school prayer decisions. Many, if not most, of the justices of the Supreme Court in the last decade have at one time or another publicly admitted that the Court has gotten itself into a brier patch of confusion and self-contradiction when it comes to the religion clause of the First Amendment. In our view, the Court's decisions have created a situation in which the no establishment provision of the religion clause has increasingly undercut the free exercise provision, even though the free exercise of religion is manifestly the purpose of the religion clause. Former Chief Justice Warren Burger has observed

Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Example

Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Example Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Thailand, 1997 Case Write Up During the 1990s, Thailand experienced remarkable economic growth for a developing nation. This boom in economic growth came from heavy emphasis on international trade, particularly through foreign investment in the financial sector. Using low-wage labor to their advantage, large volumes of labor-intensive products were exported to high wage countries resulting a double-digit growth rate. This accounted for forty percent of GDP. However, their strategy backfired when, due to the economic development, labor costs increased. Lower cost labor went to Vietnam, India, and China, plus a labor shortage within Thailand was occurring. These social issues were paired with an abrupt slow in economic growth rate from 1995 to 1996. Thailand, which was known as one of the fastest growing economies of a developing nation, was beginning to face an economic slowdown primarily due to overspeculation and lack of regulatory procedure of the financial sector. Thailands currency, the baht, was pegged to a basket of currencies with the US dollars holding the most weight. A pegged currency provides security and stability that a floating currency does not. While a floating currency fluctuates day-to-day, hour-to-hour, a pegged currency is much more stable being fixed against another currency (or set of currencies) at a certain exchange rate. This stability in a currency is very attractive for foreign investors and a critical part of Thailands success in an export-led economic development. However, there was a cost to this stability, such as the US dollar appreciating, causing the Thai products to increase in price as well and lose ompetitive value. At time, continuing to peg the baht to a basket of currencies was the best option in order to sustain investor confidence from ambitious foreigners looking for high returns, as foreign direct investment was integral to Thailands success in economic growth. With loans from other Asian central banks to maintain high foreign reserves, it seemed as though the government would be able to support the baht on international markets. However, by 1996 financial institutions and commercial banks were facing insolvency. The property sector had become the argest borrowers in the economy, obtaining loaned money from finance companies via international investors. But, the vacancy rate for new housing was staggering, and finance companies and banks were ordered to reduce lending to protect against bad loans. The lack of proper supervision and regulation of financial institutions from the Bank of Thailand allowed for financial institutions and banks to reach such a state. Established guidelines for proper ethics for financial authorizes along with shrouded financial statements were nonexistent. Coupled with poor infrastructure, using foreign investments to fund the housing sector proved to be an unreliable direction for finance companies and banks to take. After five different governments in four years, rampant corruption within the government system, and a lack of development in infrastructure and regulatory procedures for finance companies and banks, I would not find Thailand a promising investment. As someone who is very avoidant of rtain situations, investment seems entirely too risky, especially it the government nce was on the verge of changing rein once more. Also, transparency of a bank is crucial for investors, so proper decisions can be made. With Thai banks and finances companies not publishing their financial information, that would be very unsettling, everything else considered. If I already had investment in Thailand, I would immediately liquidate it. Although the currency was sound, and the government had a surplus, I would not be confident in the system itself and therefore would pull my investment.

Fukushima nuclear plant incident in 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fukushima nuclear plant incident in 2011 - Essay Example This is the largest nuclear catastrophe recorded in the world after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and it is believed to have released approximately 10 to 30% of radiation material of what Chernobyl incident emitted (Povinec, Hirose and Aoyama 2013, p. 9). In the event of the tsunami, the backup power equipment that was meant to cool the reactors was destroyed and this caused fuel melting, hydrogen outburst, and radioactive gases. This radioactive release at the Fukushima plant forced the neighborhoods up to 25 miles estimated at more than 100,000 residents were all evacuated away from the plant. The subsequent lack of AC power in Units 1 to three prohibited the valves and pumps from working normally which was necessary to eliminate heat and pressure that occurred due to radioactive decay from the nuclear fuel within the reactor hubs. The fuel rods therefore, overheated and in combination with the steam, huge quantities of hydrogen were generated causing an explosion. This is the explos ion that prevented the plant workers from cooling the reactors and the radioactivity spread rapidly (Elliott 2012, p.7). The Pollutant Source and Pathway The source of the Fukushima nuclear plant disaster is directly related to the earthquake of a 9.0 magnitude that hit Japan in 2011. This earthquake caused damage to the external power supply and the backup diesel emergency generators were flooded leading them to fail. After the failure of the diesel backup generators, the reactor operators initiated the emergency battery power but they run out after 8 hours of operation. The enduring heat therefore, could not be carried out and this led to fuel failure. Fuel failure occurs because of mechanical, chemical or even thermal failures when there is too much heat in the valves (Brook, 2011). The nuclear power plant workers had now to focus on managing the core while the heat was building up to allow the fuel cladding to keep going as much as possible. In reality, the reactor is made up of several independent and different cooling systems that operate to ensure smooth flow. These cooling systems include the reactor water clean-up mechanism, the decay heat exclusion, the core isolating cooling system, and also standby cooling mechanism among others. It is evident some of these cooling system failed and caused damage to the core and therefore, the disaster occurred (Elliott 2012, p.7). When the workers lost most of the cooling systems because of loss of power, they had to come up with other means of eliminating the heat. However, in a situation where the heat production is greater than its removal, the pressure immediately keeps rising as the boiling water builds steam. The operators now focused on keeping the temperature below 1200Â °C, while also maintaining a manageable level of the pressure. Maintaining a manageable pressure level is necessary to get rid of steam and this is done by pressure relief valves that are contained in the reactor (Elliott 2012, p.7). The process of maintaining pressure requires venting or emitting steam to keep the levels in a steady rate. It is important to note that steam and other gases eliminated are radioactive fission materials, which are in small quantities. In this case, when the workers at Fukushima nuclear plant were emitting steam, some form of radioactive emissions were released into the

Library Database Exercise #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library Database Exercise #4 - Essay Example By using database a person is able to obtain information not freely available on the internet. Secondly, the information obtained via a general search may not authoritative and credible, online websites are sometimes by people who are novice on the subject. Finding credible information is critical in doing research and by using library databases one can always get accurate and reliable information. The information obtained from the library database is from reliable sources such as: academic journals, popular magazines, newspapers, trade journals and scholarly reviewed articles. The information is written by credible authors such as: journalists, researchers, and experts in the particular subject. Thirdly, search engines give millions of results making it hard for people to scan the results and find the exact information needed. However, by using databases one can access thousands of articles and books, charts and images and databases that are focused on the particular topic. Library databases have powerful search tools that enable a person to have more control over the search results. The tools suggest additional keywords for users to use and narrow down the results. Conclusions are that databases have the following advantages: They provide credible information, a person spends less time searching, have powerful search tools, and better

Understanding the new hazards associated with terrorism Essay

Understanding the new hazards associated with terrorism - Essay Example The basic purpose of this education campaign is to make sure that the general public allays its fear of terrorism and gets to know a better idea of how things shape up within the relevant scheme of things as far as the discussion of terror is concerned. This will be resolved amicably if there is an understanding that the terrorism is a sin in its most heinous form and shall always be tackled in a proper manner. The public education campaign would bank on detailing the hazards that would mar the very basis of spreading terrorism (Masse, 2009). The efforts would be on hand to make sure that the people remain abreast of the changing terror related events that are spread all over the world, and can happen anytime anywhere. What is most important under such a setting is to know that people are being told what they ought to know so that sanity could prevail within their related ranks. This public education campaign will list down the significant steps that need to be understood by all and sundry, as well as apprise the people as to how they must change their respective courses over a period of time. It will tell the audience what precautionary measures they need to take and how proactive attitude could lead to minimal loss of life and property in the long run.

Global warming is biggest problem

Global warming is biggest problem Global warming is becoming the biggest problem in the world and it is constituted one of the most climate changes. Moreover, Howden,(2007) believe that global warming is the mounting slow increase of the earth surface temperature. There is increasing fact that this change in Earths atmosphere will due to climatic changes and major global problems. There is main reason for global warming by human activities includes three causes such as greenhouse, industrial revolution and deforestation. In addition, this essay explains effects global warming includes agriculture, livestock, and human health. Firstly, greenhouse gases constitute the major gases in the world and the earths atmosphere consist of natural gases the same as greenhouse gases, but greenhouse gases component of extra gases can be invented by humans. For example, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons. Moreover, these gases caused pollution of atmosphere; therefore, they increase the earth temperature. In fact, James, ( 2001 ) believe that climate change is determined it sensitivity by forcing sources; for example, water vapor is evaporation from oceans , but ozone is invented in the atmosphere by sun light. In addition, humankind synthesize the CFS component and to release in to atmosphere. Finally, other gases such as CO2, CH4, H2O and NO2 are released as a result of biological processes. ( James,2001 ) Secondly, industrial revolution has developed through the last two centuries by human activities. In other words, humankind has increased activities since the industrial revolution. The most important carbon dioxide is biggest sources of fossil fuel processes from different types and these types issue huge amount of CO2. Moreover, James,( 2001 ) write that humankind use burning fossil fuel, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas result in the product of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, which cause the pollution in atmosphere. Finally, the pollution which is a major cause of global warming from transport such as cars and trunks due to the use of fuel. In addition to greenhouse gases and industrial revolution, deforestation may contribute role as effect which forests became drought as a consequence of loss of trees, increasing the range of desertification. Forests cover a large part of the earth surface, but deforestation processes reduce of precious environmental. For example, Howden,( 2007) write that (the land mark stem report the last year, accepted that forests offer the signal largest chance for cost of effective and direct reduction of carbon emission ) . Also it has possible to cause problems on climate change because of increasing of CO2 emission atmosphere. There are three major effects of global warming. The first global warming effect on agriculture that gas emission is being driving force by the agriculture segment to cause climate changing. Moreover, Karki ,( 2008) state that agriculture involves to greenhouse gases rise through practices, irrigation and chemical substances such as herbicides, insecticides. Besides, the environment impact on agriculture in especially power of soil drainage, soil erosion, as a result crops reduce production. In addition, agriculture processes contribute to greenhouse gases emissions; for example, CO2 release connected to deforestation, rice cultivation and fermentation in farm animals release methane and fertilizer use release nitrous oxide. Finally , Karki,( 2008) state that sea level is probable to rise to one meter higher by 2100 and the increased level of sea have a terrible effect on agriculture land loss in specially regions; for instance, East Asia, Erosion, submergence . A second global warming effect on Livestock production in a large study in cattle and other animals production depend on stability between water provision and pasturage the cause of droughts of many areas. Furthermore, live stock activates too give disproportionately to land use impacts because of corps; for example, corn and alfalfa are cultured to supply the animals. In addition, lives stock output in the world occupies 70% of all ground used for agriculture, so climate change impact on livestock output. ( Karki, 2008 ) Thirdly, warming climate of the earth surface may causes risk on human health; thereby resulting in wet air is providing a good medium for growth of bacteria and diseases that they threaten human life. Moreover, Kasotia,(2008) write that Global serious diseases increase in warm regions and air water pollution can be increased by higher temperature, thus, it hurt human health. In addition, enormously hot temperatures raise the figure of persons who die every day for some causes, for example, the concentration of ozone at land level is increased by higher temperatures. Therefore, persons with heart and respiratory diseases are increasing problems. Furthermore, ultraviolet ray reach to the earths, but it reduce at atmosphere, so ozone cause many problems such as asthma and other diseases. Finally, climate change may also rise serious infectious diseases for example, malaria.( Kasotia,2008). In summary, global warming considers the most important role in climate changes, and it is major source rising of earths temperature because of greenhouse gases, industry, and deforestation. Other results of climate change include agricultural yield, animals product and increase of diseases. In the future people are trying to reduce the danger of proliferation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so they will use several methods including the use of solar energy, wind energy and hydropower. Reference:- HOWDEN, Daniel (2007) Deforestation: the hidden cause of global warming ]online[ Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate- change/deforestation-the-hidden-cause-of-global-warming-448734.html JAMES, Hansen (2001), Assessing Progress in Climate Science,]online [.Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10139page=9 KARKL, Kedar( 2008 ) effect of climate change in agriculture and livestok production]online[.Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.scribd.com/doc/3323985/Effect- of-Climate-change-in-agriculture-and-livestock-production KASOTIA, Paritosh ( 2008 ) The Health Effects Of Global Warming Developing Countries Are The Most Vulnerable ]online[.Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2007/issue2/0207p48.htm

Essay --

Mindy Truong CIN: 301305048 Lab Section 5 Colpophyllia natans†¬ and Symbiodinium Diversity Co-evolution has occurred in many different forms amongst different species of the different kingdoms. These organisms can either be parasitic or mutualitstic amongst each other. Co-evolution is the key force to building our Earth. An example is Colpophyllia natans and Symbiodinium in which they both have a mutualistic relationship. Edmunds and Gates stated, â€Å"Mutualistic symbioses are intimate relationships between two or more taxonomically distinct organisms in which each member benefits from the association and the holobiont has greater functional and ecological scope than each of the individual components (2003).† This type of mutualistic relationship between these two organisms requires a certain adaptation where it can affect speciation and global diversity, the biogeochemical cycles, and maintaining the health of the ecosystems. Adaptation is critical to establishing this relationship between Colpophyllia natans and Symbiodinium. Colpophyllia natans†¬ is part of the reef coral building, which is from Kingdom Anamalia whereas Symbiodinium is the genus of dinoflagellates that is from Kingdom Protista. There are more than one species of the genus group of Symbiodinium; they are grouped in clades from A-D (Finney et al., 2010). There are two clades within the Colpophyllia natans that is B and D (Finney et al., 2010). The Symbiodinium lives within the coral’s gastrodermal cells, together they exchange nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon (Goldberg, 2013). These Symbiodinium can either be inherited by the parents or obtained through the environment. Goldberg stated that these Symbiodinium â€Å"†¦influence the calcification process, they prov... ... are the source of new medicine and other biochemical agents (2013).† Cyanide fishing can also cause habitat loss for many organisms that depends on these corals for survival (Goldberg, 2013). If global warming and human activity continues to increase, then the health of the ecosystem would face chaos. Co-evolution has played a huge role in the development of many organisms, such as this symbiotic relationship between the Colpophyllia natans†¬ and Symbiodinium Diversity. Without this Symbiodinium Diversity, the Colpophyllia natans†¬ may die off. The adaptation between the two has evolved over many years, and now they rely on each other for the exchange of nutrients. The biodiversity of these species plays a special role in the ecosystem, such as providing shelter and protection. The health of the ecosystem depends on these reef-building corals for many things.

Dream of the Rood & Christian poems Essay

Dream of the Rood is considered to be one of the oldest Christian poems which belongs to the Anglo-Saxon literature. Its authorship is still unknown even today but the text reveals that it is a very old English poem that talks about the personification of a particular tree which was made into a cross where Jesus Christ was crucified. The presence of the cross in this poem and its description in the poem triggers elements of paganism and Christianity at the same time. The fact that the cross associates Jesus’ sacrifice to its own sacrifice by claiming that together they were â€Å"nailed† and â€Å"bloody†. It somewhat reveals a sense of blasphemy by comparing the sufferings of Christ to that of a â€Å"talking tree†. Analysis of Dream of the Rood Dream of the Rood talks about a dream that goes back to the time when Jesus was crucified to save mankind from sin. In this poem the unknown author describes how the sufferings of Christ can also be felt by the tree where the cross was made upon. With dark nails they drove me through: on me those sores are seen, open malice-wounds. I dared not scathe anyone. They mocked us both, we two together. All wet with blood I was, poured out from that Man’s side, after ghost he gave up (lines 46-49). The personification of the tree or the cross is somewhat troubling as it is trying to share the burden and glory that Christ experienced in His sacrifice. Clearly, the tree is not human; therefore, there is no way that it could feel the pain that Christ endured during his crucifixion. The cross could not possibly share the glory either as it never affected it in a logical sense. It is quite troubling because of the fact that the narrator aims to convey the message of trying to show its perspective of the crucifixion by means of telling that it experienced the pains and glory too. It somehow seems to show that Christ’s suffering can be illustrated and elaborated by a mere non-living thing. Also, the idea that the author presented the tree in a rather pagan-like way as it reveals the talking tree shows that associating Christ’s sacrifice with a supernatural being is way too blasphemous. â€Å"It was long since–I yet remember it– that I was hewn at holt’s end, moved from my stem. Strong fiends seized me there,30 worked me for spectacle; cursed ones lifted me. . . (28-31). The poem also seemed too violent with the way the poet used words such as â€Å"sorrows†, â€Å"distressed†, â€Å"wet with blood† and â€Å"wounds†. The imagery conjured by the description of the crucifixion reveals a disturbing image of violence. Also, it is noticeable that the poet wishes to emphasize the sacrifice of Christ to the extent that the readers may feel guilt and remorse. It is, of course, a true notion that people must always be reminded of the Lord’s suffering so they can become grateful and appreciative. However, the overly detailed description somewhat replaces the real purpose of the crucifixion. Conclusion There are many aspects in the poem Dream of the Rood that illustrates disturbing images and ideas. Howevere, it is important to note that this poem is one of the oldest English Christian poems that aims to highlight how Jesus Christ has suffered for our sins. It may be effective in a way that it reminds us again of why we are here for. However, it also important to note that the use of pagan elements such as the tree or the cross which was used for the crucifixion of Christ has some disturbing aspects with regard to illustrating God’s power and sacrifice. Reference â€Å"Dream of the rood. † Retrieved 17 May 2009 from http://faculty. uca. edu/jona/texts/rood. htm

swot analysis essays

swot analysis essays The soft drink industry is highly competitive. Characteristics of the industry include slow growth and maturity, a phase during which weak companies are weeded out of the market by the strongest corporations. In order to stay competitive, soft drink companies must be able to offer their product at a low price. A price that can at least match (or preferably, beat) a competitors price will allow that product to enter into a consumers mental set of possible brands to purchase. Because the pop industry produces a fairly standardized product, competitors in the industry cannot entice the consumer to pay a premium price for its product over another firm. Therefore, the ability to produce soda at a low cost to the company is an extremely important determinant of success. Secondly, the firms brand of soda must be available for consumers to purchase easily. This means that the brand must be on the shelves of stores where most consumers shop for beverages, namely, large grocery stores. Although other channels of distribution are available, once again it is important for the brand to enter into a consumers mental set of possible brands to purchase. The fact that there are no switching costs associated with pop purchases means that consumers will not travel to special distribution points just to purchase a certain brand of soda. Convenience for the consumer is a very important consideration for successful firms in this industry. Of the two aforementioned keys to success in the pop industry, the National Beverage Corporation possesses strengths in one area but may be vulnerable to threats in the other. According to its 10K, it competes by appealing to the quality-price sensitivity factor of the family consumer. It has a low cost structure as compared to its competitors, and this shows in its pricing structure. As well as being able to compete price-wise, National Beverage Corpora...

placido domingo essays

placido domingo essays Born on January 21, 1941, Placido Domingo would grow up to have one of the greatest Tenor voices of his generattion and even be considered the King of Tenor. Born in Madrid to parents who sang Zazurela, it was from them that he got his exposure to music and theater. In his early childhood, Domingos parents left for Mexico to start their own Zazurela troupe leaving Placido and his younger sibling behind. They would reunite when Placido was the age of eight. After moving to Mexico, Placido attended Acadmeies for his education and was even sent to The Mexican National Conservatory in Mexico City for the talents he showed in singing. During his time here he discovered how good his voice was. It was this voice that would help him support the family he would have by the time he was seventeen. While his parents were away Placido got married at the age of 17 and had his first child, Jose, a year later. This new family forced Placido to drop out of school and sing in order to support his family. Even though a year later the young couple would be divorced. During this time Placido did extensive touring with his parents Zazurela troupe. He later went on to international Stardom and became known as one of the Three Tenors alone with Luciano Pavarotti and Jose Carreras. The Trio would later win a Grammy Award in 1991 and sell more than ten million copies of their performance together as the Three Tenors. Placido Domingo is also famous for performing in such acclaimed places as New Yorks Metropolitan theater, Londons Covent Garden and Milans La Scala. He also landed starring roles in such operas as Parsifal. Domingo has also made many recordings including wones with American singer and songwrite John Denver, Diana Ross and Dionne Warwick. In 1983, Domingo published his autobiography, My First Forty Years. In it he tells of his childhood growing up in Spain and Mexico and even details of his pers...

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Art - Essay Example 2) Duration - this was observed through rhyme, length of the notes, and the speed. Through the nursery rhymes, different notes such as the short notes and long notes was seen to make the nursery rhyme more meaningful. 4) Pitch – this was observed through ‘Mary Had A Little Lamb,’ as it involved the high and low notes of the keyboard. When playing the keyboard, the faster notes demonstrated the pitch while shorter notes displayed lower pitch. Belly Dancing consumed ten hours, which involved attending lessons from a family friend, who is a belly dancer, as well as watching belly-dancing videos on YouTube. I met with instructor, the family friend, once a week for nine weeks with each session being one hour, in length. The last hour was done by practicing on the YouTube videos in which demonstrated the different moves of belly dancing. Eventually, through these lessons, I learnt the different belly dancing movements. 4) Space - through dancing, I was taught how to use the space and specifically personal space, an aspect that links to relationships. Additionally, I managed to use the space optimally, and safely to avoid the occurrence of any accident. All the elements of dance are linked, and successfully organise a well-structured dance. The music played along the dance demonstrated that fast beats of the songs meant fast dance movements resulting in a fast structure, while slow beats meant that the movements were slower. The number of hours completed in this art form is twenty hours. Before I began knitting, I thought of either a scarf or a beanie, which were the items I intended to knit. After evaluation of the exercise involved in knitting of both items, I decided to do a scarf. Due to lack of sufficient practice in the past, I was very slow at the onset of the process but gradually improved my speed as I progressed. Within the stipulated twenty hours, I was glad to have successfully completed two Yarn rolls; one has tints

Negative Effects of Advertising on American Youth Essay

Negative Effects of Advertising on American Youth - Essay Example One of the ways through which companies use technology is through advertising and marketing. Through this, companies communicate with consumers, mainly creating awareness about their new products, or promoting their companies, for increased profitability. Marketing and advertising benefits the company the most, since this promotes company products, hence more sales for the company. On the other hand, consumers too benefit from marketing and advertising, as this makes them aware of the products in the market by different companies, thus are able to make their purchasing decision, after comparing various products in the market. However, advertising and marketing is also known to have negative influences on the target population for which the adverts are aimed. Marketing and advertising has negative effects on the youth in America, and these include eating disorders and obesity, body dissatisfaction, violence, and consumerism. Commercial broadcasting is highly used by different companie s today. The television is the most known for airing most commercials advertisements today. This is probably because more people have access to the television; therefore, companies can reach a larger number of people through the television. On the other hand, print magazines are also a channel for advertisements, which is used by different companies. Most youth, especially the females, are highly attracted to fashion magazines, which are available and produced by various companies. Similarly, outdoor advertising, which involves different outdoor activities planned by a company, are mainly aimed at promoting the company and its products. Other forms of outdoor advertising include transit posters, bus adverts, bench advertising, and highway billboards, which communicate various messages from a company to the public. Nonetheless, apart from promoting and boosting company sales, these different forms of advertising have negative effects on the youth in America. Advertisements and the ap proach used therein are considered to brainwash most people and affect the perspective of people on morals and self-image (Harper, Brit and Tiggemann 645). In the United States, there is the right to freedom of speech for advertisers, and this could probably be the reason why these sometimes ignore the negative implications of most of their advertisements. With regard to body dissatisfaction, most youth in America are influenced by the body images in various advertisements, and therefore, think of those as the ideal body images (Hargreaves and Tiggemann 469). In television advertisements for beauty products for both male and females, model women and men are used. In the past, women models were portrayed as plumb and healthy, however, today, models are portrayed as skinny (Sparks 217). On the other hand, male models on television advertisements today are portrayed as men with steroidal masses, with muscles, and great strength. According to Hargreaves and Tiggemann, the exposure to th e model body images in television advertisements has a negative impact on the perceptions of the youth about their bodies (470). These might therefore, look for ways of attaining the â€Å"ideal† body, as portrayed in television advertisements. The second negative effect of advertisements to the youth in America is obesity and eating disorders. Obesity is a growing problem in the United States today. This problem affects the youth also, and this is highly attributed to the massive advertisements shown on the television and other advertising platforms, promoting fast food. Obesity is lethal, since this could lead to type 2 diabetes. The main factor promoting this in the United Sta

Ethical Implications of Takeovers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Implications of Takeovers - Essay Example From the case, it is clear that the Chief Executive Officer is unaware of this situation and thus may not be part of the investigation. Thus, Lisa can discuss the issue with the CEO and try to find the problem or compel the CFO to produce evidence of the entries in the financial information. Since Fragrance Company is under the Home and Care Product management, the CEO has the power to launch an investigation into the malpractices in financial reporting. Another course of action is that Lisa can consult an impartial accountant. The objective is to understand the various elements of the report. It is possible that Lisa may misunderstand several entries and thus consulting another accountant may shed more light. The accountant may also give Lisa more information regarding the possible action that she can take as a professional accountant. It would be better is Lisa can access an IMA Ethics Counselor to address this issue. The third option that Lisa has is to seek legal advice from an attorney. It is important to understand that accounting has its legal implications and thus Lisa must have the information at hand. The attorney should explain to Lisa the legal option that she has and how to go about them. In essence, the attorney explains the legal implication of the exposure and the possible legal suits. Of the three choices, the best choice is to report the issue to the top leadership of the company.

Ansoffs Matrix Explanation Essay Example for Free

Ansoffs Matrix Explanation Essay Using the same product in the same market, however altering the looks or the style of the product to make is look new to encourage higher sales. E.g. Coca-Cola using different styles of coke and using different advertising campaigns to sell the same coke product. Product development When a new product is used in the same market. For example if coke sold juice, it would still be in the same drinks market however it would be a different product. New market Market development Selling the same product to a new market. It has a higher risk because it is a different set of customers. An example of this is Tesco’s expansion into petrol sales. Diversification A new product to be sold in a completely new market. This has a higher risk because it is a completely new idea and may not catch-up quickly which may lead to the company making a loss. A good example of the unrelated diversification is Richard Branson. He took advantage of the virgin brand and diversified into various fields such as entertainment, air and rail travel foods etc. Ansoff’s Matrix Main Definition: â€Å"The Ansoff Matrix is a strategic planning tool that provides a framework to help executives, senior managers and marketers devise strategies for future growth. It was created by Russian American, applied mathematician and business manager, Igor Ansoff† The Ansoff Growth matrix is a marketing planning tool that helps a business determine its product and market growth strategy

The Dance Revolution of the 1970’s Essay -- Sociology Culture Essays

The Dance Revolution of the 1970’s Contact improvisation is a modern dance form where two people move while maintaining a connection. It originated from portions of Steve Paxton’s movement studies, which he began in 1972 at Oberlin College. As with every major event that happens in the world, the introduction and investigation of contact improvisation affected everyone in society one way or another. Many people associate the 1970’s as the â€Å"hippie era† in American history. Due to this, the majority of society was open to new ideas. It was the beginning of the sexual revolution and the women’s revolution was just getting underway. Younger members of society were participating in at least one of the numerous Vietnam War Protests, which they organized. They were into â€Å"free love†; they wanted to do away with racism and allow everyone to be treated the same and on the same level. As a result of the vast majority of society and open mindness, Paxton’s ideas in the new movement were accepted. Those who attended performances, also referre...

Company Director’s Duties

A company director is a person that has been appointed by shareholders or other directors to act in accordance with the Companies Articles of Association. The position of director is extremely sensitive. This is because one ought be fully aware of all their obligations, responsibilities and duties. In view of this, the UK government passed the Companies Act of 2006 to set out duties of the company director. (Butterworths Company, 2008) Company director’s duties at Common law The Company director’s duties were laid in previous legislations. However, in the year 2006, the UK parliament decided to codify these duties and also at the same time establish some new aspects to these obligations. According to common law, the company director was expected to accommodate employee interests. This was largely because it could heighten success within any respective company when implemented. Most of the companies that adhered to this principle would eliminate or reduce cases of litigation. (Kluwer, 2006) How it was codified Codification of company directors’ duties occurred as a result of the company reform Bill that was proposed in November 2005. The purpose of the Bill was to modernise company law. This is because in the past, the duties of the company director were mainly laid out in case law. This left a lot of room for speculation as some of these duties were not well explained. These included issues about auditor’s liability, accountability, transparency and rules governing private companies. The Bill was then passed into law as the Company Act 2006. It should be noted that this new law is not simply a new creation, instead it has merged previous case law with statutory provisions. In summary, the codification of company director’s duties creates a venue for making company directors exercise diligence, care, skill and independent judgement. The company director should look out for the interests of consumers, employees, and the environment in general. It should be noted that such an approach was not prevalent in the previous case laws. Now company directors need to watch out for the emission of pollutant gases and increased waste emission to the environment. (Thiaray, 2006) Codification of director’s duties was also created for the purpose of clearly outlining the rules governing this role. This is because company directors can now have an understanding of their boundaries in simple language. This is especially so owing to the fact that the codification forbids benefiting out of company profitability. This means that company directors should operate within a given moral code. This also ascertains that most of the company shareholders are also able to understand the code. Consequently, company directors who choose to break it may find themselves in larger levels of problems than those who do not do the same. The following are the duties as laid out in the new statute; †¢ the duty to consider all relevant issues when acting on behalf of the company †¢ the duty to abide by company decisions and laws †¢ the duty to treat company property as a separate entity from the company director’s or shareholders’ †¢ the duty to record decisions made by the company director †¢ the duty to apply special skills and improve one’s knowledge about one’s company †¢ the duty to take up responsibility for assigning work to organisational members the duty to avoid potential conflicting scenarios between the director and the company. When this is inevitable, the company director must inform others of these conflicts immediately †¢ the duty to seek counsel from other individuals outside the company- the latter is specifically applicable to financially challenging situations (Hannigan & Prentice, 2007) According to the Minister for industry and the Reg ions, this codification represents a shift from common law in one major way; it presents a unification of obligations to the shareholder and to the public. In the past, shareholder’s interests were considered contradictory to company director’s duties because it was assumed when the company director was trying to protect the interests of shareholders, he would have to forego environmentalists rights and the interests of the general public. However, with introduction of the new law, now the two interests can be merged to work as one. The minister also asserted that the statute reflected a new method of doing business because it employed business sense. Overly, this new Act is trying to highlight how companies can incorporate social responsibilities into their way of business. The law had made provisions for suing company directors. However, owing to the fact the very few shareholders often conduct litigations against their bosses, then chances are that shareholders will not choose that option. The statute states that company directors are answerable to the company in case they breach their duties. However, it should be noted that a substantial amount of shareholders rarely conduct litigations against their company director. Reece & Ryan, 2007) The law has also assisted in the process of clarifying how the company director should act in case of a difficult decision making process. According to the statement of duties, the company director is supposed to consider the interests of the company rather than his own interests. It should be noted that there is a distinct difference between company dependants and company shareholders. Besid es that, the Act also lays out some specific issues that need to be incorporated in the decisions making process. There are numerous players that can be affected by the company director’s choice. Consequently, company directors who follow the latter provisions are likely to heighten their chances of success than those who do not. It should be noted that success in this case is measured by a company’s achievement of its long term objectives. The latter are usually laid out at the inception of the company or are revised by shareholders as they continue with their operations. Additionally, the statute talks about company directors ensuring that their words are often documented. It should be noted here that this requirement is not forced upon the company director; instead it merely prompts him. Precedent case The particular duty chosen for study in this case is the duty to consider all the relevant issues when acting on behalf of the company. . The case chosen for analysis is BAE vs. the state 2006. The latter company BAE was a supplier of war planes. In this particular case, it had been contracted by Saudi Arabia to supply those commodities to them. However, the BAE company was found to have involved itself in corruption. The company director who acted on behalf of the firm did not consider all the issues surrounding the reception of bribes. In order to secure the contract to supply Saudi Arabia with warplanes, the latter utilised bribery to secure the contract. This has the capability of affecting the whole of the United Kingdom. Saudi Arabia was providing assistance to Britain in its effort towards fighting terrorism. However, upon hearing the news of BAE company’s decision, Saudi Arabia was angered and therefore discontinued their provision of aid to Britain. (Lorie, 2006) It should be noted that the Attorney general decided to cancel the inquires placed upon the representatives of that company especially the company director. This decision to halt inquiries was done secretly and it made it appear as though companies did not adhere to the duties of the company director. Many people asserted that the case brought into question a conflict between the rule of law and public interest. It should be noted that the latter two have been merged in the codification of company director’s duties. But before that codification, the latter two seemed very conflicting. This is exactly what took place here. There were differing opinions about whether the company’s directors’ breach of duty can be questioned before the law. However, the case brought out the fact that it can be difficult to implement this law especially when the case involves a large company. The situation was further aggravated by the fact that the nature of the business conducted by the company was rather sensitive, some of the analysts of the case claimed that the issue of arms supplies kind of grants immunity to the respective parties and makes it extremely easy for company directors to get away with wrong doings. However, other experts asserted that the company has lost public confidence owing to the fact that the case was not tried properly. The Attorney general who holds three dockets; government chief officer, politician and legal advisor, may have overstepped his boundaries by letting this company go without giving it the right to defend its name in the public. It should be noted that consumers will have serious doubts about the integrity of the company and whether they can approach it for business in the future. (Lorie, 2006) The codification of code company director’s duties also indicated the fact that a company director ought to consider all parties involved in a decisions; this refers to the shareholders and the public alike. However, before the code, the major emphasis was on shareholder’s interests alone. Consequently, the effect was that case law was a mere regulator rather than an implementer of the company directors duties. This means that when one commits a business crime as a company director, then they are not susceptible to face the full force of the law. In fact, the codification has assisted in laying out clear violations as some people may have problems ironing out what affects them and what does not. Overly, the latter case was never tried. Consequently, it is difficult to determine whether the respective director would have been made accountable for his crimes or whether he would have been set free. What one can conclude about this particular case is the fact that company directors tend to act with immunity. The UK government has a serious challenge of instituting the rule of law with regard to wealthy individuals like the one under trial. Buckley, 2005) Conclusion The codification of company director’s duties was done in order to iron out some grey areas in this aspect. Additionally, it was done to ascertain that company directors act within the confines of economic and social responsibility. Company directors can no longer feign ignorance as a result of the complexities of such an approach. Also, they are likely to be ea sily detected in case they act poorly. Despite the latter positives, the UK government is still faced with a number of challenges in this sector. Some of the negatives that can emanate from the latter law are related to fear of looking for alternative solutions to problems plaguing a company. It is also possible that some people may be discouraged from vying for the post of company director due to these numerous rules. On top of that, the new laws do not match laws on punishing non compliance. The latter are still the same old methods that ere used in the past. This means that implementation of the company Act 2006 may be very difficult.

Project †Work Life Balance and Stress in Women in Academia Essay

Question 1 1. 1 Conflict> The practice of recognizing and dealing with disputes in a rational, balanced and effective way. Conflict is an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scare resources, and interference from others in achieving their goals. † 1. 2 Decision- making > Is the choice of the most suitable way of solving a problem or handling a situation . 1. 3 Communication> Is a means by which the teacher and pupils’ different needs, feelings and attitudes are conveyed to each other in order to establish cooperation and achieve goals. 1. 4 Motivation> Is the process by means of which motives are provided by, amongst others, a manager or situation in order to bring about certain actions and thus to achieve certain goals. 1. 5 Leadership> Leadership consists of actions that help the group to complete its tasks successfully and maintain effective working relationships among its members. Leadership is a set of skills that anyone can acquire Question 2 2. 1. 1 AUTOCRATIC CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE When dealing with pupil behaviour the teacher will intervene and try to control the behaviour of the pupils. The teacher is mainly interested in the pupils’ completion of tasks and learning performance . Pupils’ participation in the classroom situation is limited to listening, working and doing. The following are some advantages of this approach: ? Some pupils may feel secure in this kind of situation. ? Because the teacher lays down fixed rules and procedures, pupils know what is expected of them and what they can expect in the classroom. The following are some disadvantages of this approach: ? The classroom atmosphere is characterised by competition, unwillingness to work together and poor discipline when pupils are left unsupervised. ? Creative thinking is suppressed. ? There is no cooperation. ? Pupils may develop a negative attitude towards the subject. 1 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 2. 1. 2 DEMOCRATIC CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT STYLE A democratic style of classroom management correlates with an interactive teaching style. This teaching style requires that teachers should have a sound knowledge of their subject and of human nature so that they can encourage their pupils to participate actively and meaningfully in teaching and learning activities. The control of pupil behaviour in the classroom is jointly controlled by the pupils and the teacher. As a management style it requires the teacher to maintain a balance between the task aspect and the human aspect of the classroom situation. Teaching and learning tasks are completed with the pupils’ willing cooperation and co responsibility which are the hallmarks of democratic classroom management. The following are some advantages: ? ? ? Pupils participate confidently in classroom activities. It encourages initiative and creativity. The classroom atmosphere is relaxed, yet productive. ? Pupils feel that they are involved in teaching activities. 2. 2 Five styles of conflict management ? Avoidance: avoiding conflict is a short-term solution because the conflict will not go away. Sometimes, however, avoidance could be a temporary measure to calm emotions. ? Giving in or accommodating: teachers who badly want the pupils to accept them use this style. With this style the real differences are underemphasized. Sometimes teachers have to give in to avoid hostility in the classroom and to ensure that the work can get done. ? Domination: teachers who want to impose their will on pupils use this style. In the long run this style is seldom effective, although teachers sometimes have to dominate. ? Compromise or settle: this style is marked by a search for compromises and settlement. The teacher will try to meet everyone halfway and to let the majority view prevail. Because a settlement might not satisfy everybody, the dissatisfaction could again cause conflict at a later stage. ? Integrate or collaborate: this style is also known as the problem-solving approach. The parties cooperate in order to find a satisfactory solution. 2. 3 A proper balance between the: task-oriented and the human relations aspects, required in every teaching-learning situation , enables teachers to create a teaching-learning situation with a positive atmosphere. Maintaining a balance between the structural (formal) and human relations (informal) aspects requires a holistic approach to classroom management. The combination and integration of these two dimensions represent the actual structure of the classroom situation, which includes all areas of the teacher’s management task. These studies revealed a clear correlation between classroom atmosphere and pupil performance of grade 9 and grade 10 pupils in 12 secondary schools in Ontario as follows: ? Classroom atmosphere has a significant influence on pupil performance. ? Although the personal and social characteristics of pupils are important factors in their school performance, classroom atmosphere is sometimes more important. ? The psychosocial and academic aspects of teaching are interrelated. 2 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 ? Variables that relate directly to teaching-learning activities in the classroom have a special, unique influence on pupil performance. The following are the guidelines for teachers to cultivate positive attitudes in their pupils: ? Put the pupils in the centre. ? Respect pupils’ opinions and treat all pupils respectfully. ? Give pupils a group feeling. ? Help pupils to feel secure in school. ? Make sure that pupils understand their assignments. ? Realise that pupils are children, not adults. ? Deal with individual behaviour problems in private interviews with the pupil rather than in front of the whole class. ? Involve pupils in decision making where appropriate. ? Do not label pupils. 3 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 2. 4 CLASSROOM POLICY 1. In all instances, civility and respect for classmates and the instructor are expected. 2. Book bags, briefcases, etc. are not allowed on your desk during class. They must remain on the floor near your chair. 3. You may not use cell phones in class. a. All ringers must be turned off. b. You may not text message, place or answer calls. c. All earphones, headphones, headsets or any other accessory for your cell phone may not be used in class – that means, out of sight and not on your head or in your ear. 4. You may not use any device (for example, IPod, MP3 player) to listen to or view music or other programming in class. 5. You will be asked to leave class if you disregard classroom policy. ATTENDANCE / WITHDRAWAL POLICY 1. Since the course is conducted in a seminar format, your attendance is mandatory. 2. You will sign the Attendance Signature sheet at the beginning of each class. 3. Your class participation points may be reduced from if you are late in class. 4. You may be withdrawn from COS 133 if you are absent from 20% of the class. LATE WORK 1. No late work will be accepted. MAKE-UP QUIZ POLICY 1. There are no quiz make-ups. No exemptions. GRADING POLICY 1. Your grade for COS 133 will be based on the points you accumulate for assignments, quizzes, and class participation. 2. Your grade for COS 133 is calculated as follows: Topic 1. Assignments 2. Quizzes 3. Classroom Participation Weight 30% 55% 15% 4 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493. Topic Weight A 94 -100 1. Assignments 30% A- 90 – 93 2. Quizzes 55% B+ 87 – 89 3. Classroom Participation 15% B 84 – 86 B- 80 – 83 C+ 77 – 79 C 74 – 76 C- 70 – 73 D+ 67 – 69 D 64 – 66 D- 60 – 63 F < 60 1. Assignments = 30 Points COS assignments consist of a variety of activities designed to promote a successful college experience at MCC. Your assignments will consist of reading textbook chapters and answering related exercise questions. In addition, you may be using your MCC student email to submit Web assignments. Assignments are due at the beginning of the class. However, you may submit your assignments before the due date. Distribution of points are as follows: 10 textbook assignments (3 points each) = 30 points 2. Quizzes = 55 Points Quizzes are based on your chapter reading assignments. o You may use your textbook to answer the questions. However, be well prepared for a very challenging quiz. o If you are late for class and miss the quiz, you will receive a zero for the quiz. Distribution of points is as follows: o 11 textbook quizzes (5 points each) = 55 points 3. Classroom Participation = 15 Points Classroom participation points are earned by behaviors that demonstrate o prompt attendance for class 3 o active listening o positive involvement in small group work o thoughtful contributions during whole class discussions o civility and respect for classmates and the instructor Distribution of points is as follows: o 1 point per week = 15 points o You cannot earn classroom participation points if you are absent. MCC REGULATIONS AND POLICIES Academic Honesty Policy In the academic process, it is assumed that intellectual honesty and integrity are basic responsibilities of any student. However, faculty members should accept their correlative 5 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 responsibility to regulate academic work and to conduct examination procedures in such a manner as not to invite violations of academic honesty. Such violations consist mainly of cheating and plagiarism. For more details regarding MCC’s Academic Honesty policy regarding definitions, disciplinary action, and procedure for appeal check the MCC Catalog and Student Handbook or MCC Website. Policy Statement on Sexual Harassment 1. Monroe Community College strives to recognize human dignity and therefore does not tolerate sexual harassment or any other type of harassment within or connected to this institution. 2. Sexual harassment is illegal and unfairly interferes with the opportunity for all persons, regardless of gender, to have a comfortable and productive education and work environment. 3. We are committed to taking all reasonable steps to prevent sexual harassment and to discipline those who do harass. Code of Conduct The following actions or conducts are prohibited. 1. The obstruction or disruption of any College function or activity, including the classroom instructional environment, administration of the parking program and service functions and activities. 2. The detention, physical abuse or intimidation of any person, or threat thereof, or any 4 conduct which threatens or endangers the health, safety, or welfare of any person on College-owned or operated property or at College-sponsored activities. 3. The use of obscene or abusive language or any other means of expression, language, or action which may reasonably be expected to provoke or encourage physical violence by other persons. 4. The refusal to obey any reasonable or lawful request, order, or directive of a College public safety officer, a teacher, College administrator, or any other identified representative of the College. MCC LEARNING CENTERS 1. Monroe Community College has a number of Learning Centers at Brighton (for example, Accounting, Math, Psychology, Writing, the Electronic Learning Center, etc. ) and at Damon (for example, the Integrated Learning Center, Electronic Learning Center, etc. ). 2. Learning centers are staffed with instructional personnel and may be equipped with computers and software to assist students. 3. It is recommended that students use the Learning Centers to get additional help with concepts learned in the classroom and with their homework. SERVICES FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES 1. Students with a documented learning difficulty should make an appointment with the Coordinator of Services for Students with Disabilities on the Brighton or Damon Campus to arrange for support services. 2. All deaf or hard of hearing students should contact the Counseling and Advising Center. 3. You must provide the instructor with appropriate documentation regarding accommodations within the first two weeks of class. EMERGENCY CLOSINGS 1. If the College is closed due to inclement weather or some other emergency, all Rochester area radio and television stations will be notified no later than 5:30 a. m. 2. In addition, the homepage on the MCC website (www. monroecc. edu) will display a message indicating the College is closed. 3. Please do not call the College to avoid overloading the telephone lines. 5 6 Student no : 43713009 EDA 201W Ass no : 2 719493 CLASS CANCELLATION To access a list of daily class cancellations, you may 1. Call the Public Safety Department (292-2066) at MCC, press 1 for a list of cancelled classes at Brighton and press 2 for a list of cancelled classes at Damon; 2. Go to the Internet, access MCC, go to the A-Z listing to C for Class Cancellations and see the list of cancellations; 3. Check your student email for a cancellation notice from your instructor 6 COURSE SYLLABUS AGREEMENT Detach and return this signed sheet to Professor Rodriguez. ______________________________________ M00______________________ Student’s Printed Name Student MCC College ID Number COS 133 Section Number: _________ Semester / Year: _____________ The Course Syllabus 1. The Course Syllabus (course information sheet) is a written legal covenant between you and your professor. 2. It clarifies the professor’s expectations and your responsibilities. Your professor expects you to meet deadlines for assignments, papers, projects and tests. 3. It is your responsibility to review the course syllabus and clarify any aspect of the syllabus. Therefore, read it carefully and ask questions you may have about its content. Check the appropriate box. I have read the course information sheet for COS 133 – Introduction to College Studies. I understand my responsibilities for this course. I do not have any questions. I do not understand the requirements stated in the COS 133 Course Information Sheet. I will schedule an appointment to discuss my questions with my professor. List your questions for discussion here: ______________________________________ _____________________ Signature Date.

5 Rules for Run-In Lists

5 Rules for Run-In Lists 5 Rules for Run-In Lists 5 Rules for Run-In Lists By Mark Nichol When brief lists appear within a sentence technically, these are called in-line lists they’re often complicated by excessive punctuation. Here are some errors in construction of in-line lists, and their corrections, to illustrate a few simple rules: 1. â€Å"Sugarcane has been able to flourish in the Everglades thanks to the flood-control project; tariff and import policies such as the Cuban sugar embargo; and subsidies and price controls that keep sugar expensive for Americans.† Even if the items in a list consist of phrases rather than simply a word or two, commas, rather than semicolons, are sufficient to separate them: â€Å"Sugarcane has been able to flourish in the Everglades thanks to the flood-control project, tariff and import policies such as the Cuban sugar embargo, and subsidies and price controls that keep sugar expensive for Americans.† Use semicolons only if one or more list item itself includes internal commas; even then, the grammatical structure may make divisions clear. 2. â€Å"This profile is not unlike that of the alcoholic, who has mood swings, blackouts, impulsive and self-destructive behaviors.† If the last item in a list is a pair of subitems separated by and, an and is still required following the penultimate item: â€Å"This profile is not unlike the alcoholic, who has mood swings, blackouts, and impulsive and self-destructive behaviors.† 3. â€Å"Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as: slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination.† Just as in bullet and number lists, no punctuation is generally needed preceding the first list item: â€Å"Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination.† Exception: Set the list off from the lead-in phrase with a colon if the latter is an independent clause, as in â€Å"Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as the following: slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination.† Such constructions are rarely necessary, however. 4. â€Å"The study of the interplay of alcohol and violence covers a broad spectrum of activities ranging from intimate partner violence, brawls at bars, child abuse, and violence at sporting events.† Items in a list should be grouped logically: â€Å"The study of the interplay of alcohol and violence covers a broad spectrum of activities ranging from intimate partner violence and child abuse to brawls at bars and violence at sporting events.† In this case, the list was relaxed, obviating the need for internal commas. Also, notice that to was added to bookend the â€Å"ranging from . . . to† completion. When listing proper names or other nouns that have no other obvious organizational scheme, list them alphabetically; chronological order is appropriate when that rationale is obvious. 5. â€Å"Each plan would 1) restore the ecosystem, 2) clean up water pollution, 3) ensure water supply for cities and farms, and 4) improve levees to keep us all safe from floods.† Numbers or letters employed to signal distinct items in a list are superfluous unless the items are complex, in which case perhaps the list should be set off and formatted vertically: â€Å"Each plan would restore the ecosystem, clean up water pollution, ensure a water supply for cities and farms, and improve levees to keep us all safe from floods.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Grammar Test 1Comma Before But12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions