Its Not About School Prayer Essays - Prayer, Religion And Children

It's Not About School Prayer The question of school prayer has been moved from one of the storage rooms way beyond the wings to somewhere prominently on stage, if not front stage and center. The most important thing about the discussion of a school prayer amendment is not school prayer as such. People of eminently good sense and religious conviction can disagree about whether there should be prayer in public schools and, if so, what kind of prayer and who should be in charge of it. Those decisions should be made by thousands of communities and local school boards across the country. That is called democracy. An amendment is needed not to mandate or even to encourage school prayer but to restore to the people their right and responsibility to deliberate and decide a question that bears upon the kind of education they want for their children. Parents who are serious about the moral and religious formation of their children should have no illusions that adding a prayer at the beginning of the school day will achieve that goal. Public policy should help such parents send their children to schools that share their educational goals. This means school vouchers, education tax credits, flexible charter schools, or other instruments that can enable parents to exercise real choice in education. That, however, does not obviate the need for a school prayer amendment, which might better be called an educational democracy amendment. Quite apart from the merits or demerits of prayer in public schools, an amendment is needed for three reasons. First, it is a necessary check upon the overreach of the imperial judiciary. The school prayer decisions of the early 1960s were a particularly blatant instance of judicial activism. The Constitution neither mandates nor prohibits prayer in the schools. What the Constitution says about school prayer is absolutely nothing. For almost two centuries nobody thought that school prayer was a constitutional question. It was up to local communities and their school boards. (Some scholars claim that a fairly small percentage of public schools actually had such prayer.) That is the way it should be again. Those who claim that the American people are not capable of deciding the question in a civil and mutually respectful manner reveal an unseemly contempt for the democratic process. Our point, however, is that what the Constitution does not say is unconstitutional is not unconstitution al. The Constitution does not say that prayer in the public schools is unconstitutional, therefore it is not unconstitutional. One may argue that school prayer is unfair, divisive, mischievous, or just plain dumb. But it is not unconstitutional, and apparently it will take an amendment to make that clear. The second reason for an amendment is that it will challenge the judicial advancement of the pernicious ideology of the naked public square, of American public life denuded of religion and religiously grounded values. Whatever else one may think of the school prayer decisions of the 1960s, they sent a powerful message that ours is a secular society, and that a secular society is one in which religion must be expunged from any sphere that is designated as public. Combine that with the notion that public is a synonym for governmental and the conclusion is inescapable that religion must retreat wherever government advances-and government advances almost everywhere. This has been the unhappy pattern of more than thirty years. An amendment can check that pattern and perhaps, in due course, reverse it. The third reason for an amendment, closely connected to the first two, is that the incoherence of church-state jurisprudence over the last three decades is tied up with the school prayer decisions. Many, if not most, of the justices of the Supreme Court in the last decade have at one time or another publicly admitted that the Court has gotten itself into a brier patch of confusion and self-contradiction when it comes to the religion clause of the First Amendment. In our view, the Court's decisions have created a situation in which the no establishment provision of the religion clause has increasingly undercut the free exercise provision, even though the free exercise of religion is manifestly the purpose of the religion clause. Former Chief Justice Warren Burger has observed

Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Example

Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Example Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Thailand 1997 Case Analysis Essay Thailand, 1997 Case Write Up During the 1990s, Thailand experienced remarkable economic growth for a developing nation. This boom in economic growth came from heavy emphasis on international trade, particularly through foreign investment in the financial sector. Using low-wage labor to their advantage, large volumes of labor-intensive products were exported to high wage countries resulting a double-digit growth rate. This accounted for forty percent of GDP. However, their strategy backfired when, due to the economic development, labor costs increased. Lower cost labor went to Vietnam, India, and China, plus a labor shortage within Thailand was occurring. These social issues were paired with an abrupt slow in economic growth rate from 1995 to 1996. Thailand, which was known as one of the fastest growing economies of a developing nation, was beginning to face an economic slowdown primarily due to overspeculation and lack of regulatory procedure of the financial sector. Thailands currency, the baht, was pegged to a basket of currencies with the US dollars holding the most weight. A pegged currency provides security and stability that a floating currency does not. While a floating currency fluctuates day-to-day, hour-to-hour, a pegged currency is much more stable being fixed against another currency (or set of currencies) at a certain exchange rate. This stability in a currency is very attractive for foreign investors and a critical part of Thailands success in an export-led economic development. However, there was a cost to this stability, such as the US dollar appreciating, causing the Thai products to increase in price as well and lose ompetitive value. At time, continuing to peg the baht to a basket of currencies was the best option in order to sustain investor confidence from ambitious foreigners looking for high returns, as foreign direct investment was integral to Thailands success in economic growth. With loans from other Asian central banks to maintain high foreign reserves, it seemed as though the government would be able to support the baht on international markets. However, by 1996 financial institutions and commercial banks were facing insolvency. The property sector had become the argest borrowers in the economy, obtaining loaned money from finance companies via international investors. But, the vacancy rate for new housing was staggering, and finance companies and banks were ordered to reduce lending to protect against bad loans. The lack of proper supervision and regulation of financial institutions from the Bank of Thailand allowed for financial institutions and banks to reach such a state. Established guidelines for proper ethics for financial authorizes along with shrouded financial statements were nonexistent. Coupled with poor infrastructure, using foreign investments to fund the housing sector proved to be an unreliable direction for finance companies and banks to take. After five different governments in four years, rampant corruption within the government system, and a lack of development in infrastructure and regulatory procedures for finance companies and banks, I would not find Thailand a promising investment. As someone who is very avoidant of rtain situations, investment seems entirely too risky, especially it the government nce was on the verge of changing rein once more. Also, transparency of a bank is crucial for investors, so proper decisions can be made. With Thai banks and finances companies not publishing their financial information, that would be very unsettling, everything else considered. If I already had investment in Thailand, I would immediately liquidate it. Although the currency was sound, and the government had a surplus, I would not be confident in the system itself and therefore would pull my investment.

Fukushima nuclear plant incident in 2011 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fukushima nuclear plant incident in 2011 - Essay Example This is the largest nuclear catastrophe recorded in the world after the 1986 Chernobyl disaster and it is believed to have released approximately 10 to 30% of radiation material of what Chernobyl incident emitted (Povinec, Hirose and Aoyama 2013, p. 9). In the event of the tsunami, the backup power equipment that was meant to cool the reactors was destroyed and this caused fuel melting, hydrogen outburst, and radioactive gases. This radioactive release at the Fukushima plant forced the neighborhoods up to 25 miles estimated at more than 100,000 residents were all evacuated away from the plant. The subsequent lack of AC power in Units 1 to three prohibited the valves and pumps from working normally which was necessary to eliminate heat and pressure that occurred due to radioactive decay from the nuclear fuel within the reactor hubs. The fuel rods therefore, overheated and in combination with the steam, huge quantities of hydrogen were generated causing an explosion. This is the explos ion that prevented the plant workers from cooling the reactors and the radioactivity spread rapidly (Elliott 2012, p.7). The Pollutant Source and Pathway The source of the Fukushima nuclear plant disaster is directly related to the earthquake of a 9.0 magnitude that hit Japan in 2011. This earthquake caused damage to the external power supply and the backup diesel emergency generators were flooded leading them to fail. After the failure of the diesel backup generators, the reactor operators initiated the emergency battery power but they run out after 8 hours of operation. The enduring heat therefore, could not be carried out and this led to fuel failure. Fuel failure occurs because of mechanical, chemical or even thermal failures when there is too much heat in the valves (Brook, 2011). The nuclear power plant workers had now to focus on managing the core while the heat was building up to allow the fuel cladding to keep going as much as possible. In reality, the reactor is made up of several independent and different cooling systems that operate to ensure smooth flow. These cooling systems include the reactor water clean-up mechanism, the decay heat exclusion, the core isolating cooling system, and also standby cooling mechanism among others. It is evident some of these cooling system failed and caused damage to the core and therefore, the disaster occurred (Elliott 2012, p.7). When the workers lost most of the cooling systems because of loss of power, they had to come up with other means of eliminating the heat. However, in a situation where the heat production is greater than its removal, the pressure immediately keeps rising as the boiling water builds steam. The operators now focused on keeping the temperature below 1200Â °C, while also maintaining a manageable level of the pressure. Maintaining a manageable pressure level is necessary to get rid of steam and this is done by pressure relief valves that are contained in the reactor (Elliott 2012, p.7). The process of maintaining pressure requires venting or emitting steam to keep the levels in a steady rate. It is important to note that steam and other gases eliminated are radioactive fission materials, which are in small quantities. In this case, when the workers at Fukushima nuclear plant were emitting steam, some form of radioactive emissions were released into the

Library Database Exercise #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Library Database Exercise #4 - Essay Example By using database a person is able to obtain information not freely available on the internet. Secondly, the information obtained via a general search may not authoritative and credible, online websites are sometimes by people who are novice on the subject. Finding credible information is critical in doing research and by using library databases one can always get accurate and reliable information. The information obtained from the library database is from reliable sources such as: academic journals, popular magazines, newspapers, trade journals and scholarly reviewed articles. The information is written by credible authors such as: journalists, researchers, and experts in the particular subject. Thirdly, search engines give millions of results making it hard for people to scan the results and find the exact information needed. However, by using databases one can access thousands of articles and books, charts and images and databases that are focused on the particular topic. Library databases have powerful search tools that enable a person to have more control over the search results. The tools suggest additional keywords for users to use and narrow down the results. Conclusions are that databases have the following advantages: They provide credible information, a person spends less time searching, have powerful search tools, and better

Understanding the new hazards associated with terrorism Essay

Understanding the new hazards associated with terrorism - Essay Example The basic purpose of this education campaign is to make sure that the general public allays its fear of terrorism and gets to know a better idea of how things shape up within the relevant scheme of things as far as the discussion of terror is concerned. This will be resolved amicably if there is an understanding that the terrorism is a sin in its most heinous form and shall always be tackled in a proper manner. The public education campaign would bank on detailing the hazards that would mar the very basis of spreading terrorism (Masse, 2009). The efforts would be on hand to make sure that the people remain abreast of the changing terror related events that are spread all over the world, and can happen anytime anywhere. What is most important under such a setting is to know that people are being told what they ought to know so that sanity could prevail within their related ranks. This public education campaign will list down the significant steps that need to be understood by all and sundry, as well as apprise the people as to how they must change their respective courses over a period of time. It will tell the audience what precautionary measures they need to take and how proactive attitude could lead to minimal loss of life and property in the long run.

Global warming is biggest problem

Global warming is biggest problem Global warming is becoming the biggest problem in the world and it is constituted one of the most climate changes. Moreover, Howden,(2007) believe that global warming is the mounting slow increase of the earth surface temperature. There is increasing fact that this change in Earths atmosphere will due to climatic changes and major global problems. There is main reason for global warming by human activities includes three causes such as greenhouse, industrial revolution and deforestation. In addition, this essay explains effects global warming includes agriculture, livestock, and human health. Firstly, greenhouse gases constitute the major gases in the world and the earths atmosphere consist of natural gases the same as greenhouse gases, but greenhouse gases component of extra gases can be invented by humans. For example, carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons. Moreover, these gases caused pollution of atmosphere; therefore, they increase the earth temperature. In fact, James, ( 2001 ) believe that climate change is determined it sensitivity by forcing sources; for example, water vapor is evaporation from oceans , but ozone is invented in the atmosphere by sun light. In addition, humankind synthesize the CFS component and to release in to atmosphere. Finally, other gases such as CO2, CH4, H2O and NO2 are released as a result of biological processes. ( James,2001 ) Secondly, industrial revolution has developed through the last two centuries by human activities. In other words, humankind has increased activities since the industrial revolution. The most important carbon dioxide is biggest sources of fossil fuel processes from different types and these types issue huge amount of CO2. Moreover, James,( 2001 ) write that humankind use burning fossil fuel, such as coal, petroleum and natural gas result in the product of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, which cause the pollution in atmosphere. Finally, the pollution which is a major cause of global warming from transport such as cars and trunks due to the use of fuel. In addition to greenhouse gases and industrial revolution, deforestation may contribute role as effect which forests became drought as a consequence of loss of trees, increasing the range of desertification. Forests cover a large part of the earth surface, but deforestation processes reduce of precious environmental. For example, Howden,( 2007) write that (the land mark stem report the last year, accepted that forests offer the signal largest chance for cost of effective and direct reduction of carbon emission ) . Also it has possible to cause problems on climate change because of increasing of CO2 emission atmosphere. There are three major effects of global warming. The first global warming effect on agriculture that gas emission is being driving force by the agriculture segment to cause climate changing. Moreover, Karki ,( 2008) state that agriculture involves to greenhouse gases rise through practices, irrigation and chemical substances such as herbicides, insecticides. Besides, the environment impact on agriculture in especially power of soil drainage, soil erosion, as a result crops reduce production. In addition, agriculture processes contribute to greenhouse gases emissions; for example, CO2 release connected to deforestation, rice cultivation and fermentation in farm animals release methane and fertilizer use release nitrous oxide. Finally , Karki,( 2008) state that sea level is probable to rise to one meter higher by 2100 and the increased level of sea have a terrible effect on agriculture land loss in specially regions; for instance, East Asia, Erosion, submergence . A second global warming effect on Livestock production in a large study in cattle and other animals production depend on stability between water provision and pasturage the cause of droughts of many areas. Furthermore, live stock activates too give disproportionately to land use impacts because of corps; for example, corn and alfalfa are cultured to supply the animals. In addition, lives stock output in the world occupies 70% of all ground used for agriculture, so climate change impact on livestock output. ( Karki, 2008 ) Thirdly, warming climate of the earth surface may causes risk on human health; thereby resulting in wet air is providing a good medium for growth of bacteria and diseases that they threaten human life. Moreover, Kasotia,(2008) write that Global serious diseases increase in warm regions and air water pollution can be increased by higher temperature, thus, it hurt human health. In addition, enormously hot temperatures raise the figure of persons who die every day for some causes, for example, the concentration of ozone at land level is increased by higher temperatures. Therefore, persons with heart and respiratory diseases are increasing problems. Furthermore, ultraviolet ray reach to the earths, but it reduce at atmosphere, so ozone cause many problems such as asthma and other diseases. Finally, climate change may also rise serious infectious diseases for example, malaria.( Kasotia,2008). In summary, global warming considers the most important role in climate changes, and it is major source rising of earths temperature because of greenhouse gases, industry, and deforestation. Other results of climate change include agricultural yield, animals product and increase of diseases. In the future people are trying to reduce the danger of proliferation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, so they will use several methods including the use of solar energy, wind energy and hydropower. Reference:- HOWDEN, Daniel (2007) Deforestation: the hidden cause of global warming ]online[ Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate- change/deforestation-the-hidden-cause-of-global-warming-448734.html JAMES, Hansen (2001), Assessing Progress in Climate Science,]online [.Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10139page=9 KARKL, Kedar( 2008 ) effect of climate change in agriculture and livestok production]online[.Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.scribd.com/doc/3323985/Effect- of-Climate-change-in-agriculture-and-livestock-production KASOTIA, Paritosh ( 2008 ) The Health Effects Of Global Warming Developing Countries Are The Most Vulnerable ]online[.Last accessed 9 Nov.2008 at http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2007/issue2/0207p48.htm

Essay --

Mindy Truong CIN: 301305048 Lab Section 5 Colpophyllia natans†¬ and Symbiodinium Diversity Co-evolution has occurred in many different forms amongst different species of the different kingdoms. These organisms can either be parasitic or mutualitstic amongst each other. Co-evolution is the key force to building our Earth. An example is Colpophyllia natans and Symbiodinium in which they both have a mutualistic relationship. Edmunds and Gates stated, â€Å"Mutualistic symbioses are intimate relationships between two or more taxonomically distinct organisms in which each member benefits from the association and the holobiont has greater functional and ecological scope than each of the individual components (2003).† This type of mutualistic relationship between these two organisms requires a certain adaptation where it can affect speciation and global diversity, the biogeochemical cycles, and maintaining the health of the ecosystems. Adaptation is critical to establishing this relationship between Colpophyllia natans and Symbiodinium. Colpophyllia natans†¬ is part of the reef coral building, which is from Kingdom Anamalia whereas Symbiodinium is the genus of dinoflagellates that is from Kingdom Protista. There are more than one species of the genus group of Symbiodinium; they are grouped in clades from A-D (Finney et al., 2010). There are two clades within the Colpophyllia natans that is B and D (Finney et al., 2010). The Symbiodinium lives within the coral’s gastrodermal cells, together they exchange nutrients such as nitrogen and carbon (Goldberg, 2013). These Symbiodinium can either be inherited by the parents or obtained through the environment. Goldberg stated that these Symbiodinium â€Å"†¦influence the calcification process, they prov... ... are the source of new medicine and other biochemical agents (2013).† Cyanide fishing can also cause habitat loss for many organisms that depends on these corals for survival (Goldberg, 2013). If global warming and human activity continues to increase, then the health of the ecosystem would face chaos. Co-evolution has played a huge role in the development of many organisms, such as this symbiotic relationship between the Colpophyllia natans†¬ and Symbiodinium Diversity. Without this Symbiodinium Diversity, the Colpophyllia natans†¬ may die off. The adaptation between the two has evolved over many years, and now they rely on each other for the exchange of nutrients. The biodiversity of these species plays a special role in the ecosystem, such as providing shelter and protection. The health of the ecosystem depends on these reef-building corals for many things.

Dream of the Rood & Christian poems Essay

Dream of the Rood is considered to be one of the oldest Christian poems which belongs to the Anglo-Saxon literature. Its authorship is still unknown even today but the text reveals that it is a very old English poem that talks about the personification of a particular tree which was made into a cross where Jesus Christ was crucified. The presence of the cross in this poem and its description in the poem triggers elements of paganism and Christianity at the same time. The fact that the cross associates Jesus’ sacrifice to its own sacrifice by claiming that together they were â€Å"nailed† and â€Å"bloody†. It somewhat reveals a sense of blasphemy by comparing the sufferings of Christ to that of a â€Å"talking tree†. Analysis of Dream of the Rood Dream of the Rood talks about a dream that goes back to the time when Jesus was crucified to save mankind from sin. In this poem the unknown author describes how the sufferings of Christ can also be felt by the tree where the cross was made upon. With dark nails they drove me through: on me those sores are seen, open malice-wounds. I dared not scathe anyone. They mocked us both, we two together. All wet with blood I was, poured out from that Man’s side, after ghost he gave up (lines 46-49). The personification of the tree or the cross is somewhat troubling as it is trying to share the burden and glory that Christ experienced in His sacrifice. Clearly, the tree is not human; therefore, there is no way that it could feel the pain that Christ endured during his crucifixion. The cross could not possibly share the glory either as it never affected it in a logical sense. It is quite troubling because of the fact that the narrator aims to convey the message of trying to show its perspective of the crucifixion by means of telling that it experienced the pains and glory too. It somehow seems to show that Christ’s suffering can be illustrated and elaborated by a mere non-living thing. Also, the idea that the author presented the tree in a rather pagan-like way as it reveals the talking tree shows that associating Christ’s sacrifice with a supernatural being is way too blasphemous. â€Å"It was long since–I yet remember it– that I was hewn at holt’s end, moved from my stem. Strong fiends seized me there,30 worked me for spectacle; cursed ones lifted me. . . (28-31). The poem also seemed too violent with the way the poet used words such as â€Å"sorrows†, â€Å"distressed†, â€Å"wet with blood† and â€Å"wounds†. The imagery conjured by the description of the crucifixion reveals a disturbing image of violence. Also, it is noticeable that the poet wishes to emphasize the sacrifice of Christ to the extent that the readers may feel guilt and remorse. It is, of course, a true notion that people must always be reminded of the Lord’s suffering so they can become grateful and appreciative. However, the overly detailed description somewhat replaces the real purpose of the crucifixion. Conclusion There are many aspects in the poem Dream of the Rood that illustrates disturbing images and ideas. Howevere, it is important to note that this poem is one of the oldest English Christian poems that aims to highlight how Jesus Christ has suffered for our sins. It may be effective in a way that it reminds us again of why we are here for. However, it also important to note that the use of pagan elements such as the tree or the cross which was used for the crucifixion of Christ has some disturbing aspects with regard to illustrating God’s power and sacrifice. Reference â€Å"Dream of the rood. † Retrieved 17 May 2009 from http://faculty. uca. edu/jona/texts/rood. htm

swot analysis essays

swot analysis essays The soft drink industry is highly competitive. Characteristics of the industry include slow growth and maturity, a phase during which weak companies are weeded out of the market by the strongest corporations. In order to stay competitive, soft drink companies must be able to offer their product at a low price. A price that can at least match (or preferably, beat) a competitors price will allow that product to enter into a consumers mental set of possible brands to purchase. Because the pop industry produces a fairly standardized product, competitors in the industry cannot entice the consumer to pay a premium price for its product over another firm. Therefore, the ability to produce soda at a low cost to the company is an extremely important determinant of success. Secondly, the firms brand of soda must be available for consumers to purchase easily. This means that the brand must be on the shelves of stores where most consumers shop for beverages, namely, large grocery stores. Although other channels of distribution are available, once again it is important for the brand to enter into a consumers mental set of possible brands to purchase. The fact that there are no switching costs associated with pop purchases means that consumers will not travel to special distribution points just to purchase a certain brand of soda. Convenience for the consumer is a very important consideration for successful firms in this industry. Of the two aforementioned keys to success in the pop industry, the National Beverage Corporation possesses strengths in one area but may be vulnerable to threats in the other. According to its 10K, it competes by appealing to the quality-price sensitivity factor of the family consumer. It has a low cost structure as compared to its competitors, and this shows in its pricing structure. As well as being able to compete price-wise, National Beverage Corpora...

placido domingo essays

placido domingo essays Born on January 21, 1941, Placido Domingo would grow up to have one of the greatest Tenor voices of his generattion and even be considered the King of Tenor. Born in Madrid to parents who sang Zazurela, it was from them that he got his exposure to music and theater. In his early childhood, Domingos parents left for Mexico to start their own Zazurela troupe leaving Placido and his younger sibling behind. They would reunite when Placido was the age of eight. After moving to Mexico, Placido attended Acadmeies for his education and was even sent to The Mexican National Conservatory in Mexico City for the talents he showed in singing. During his time here he discovered how good his voice was. It was this voice that would help him support the family he would have by the time he was seventeen. While his parents were away Placido got married at the age of 17 and had his first child, Jose, a year later. This new family forced Placido to drop out of school and sing in order to support his family. Even though a year later the young couple would be divorced. During this time Placido did extensive touring with his parents Zazurela troupe. He later went on to international Stardom and became known as one of the Three Tenors alone with Luciano Pavarotti and Jose Carreras. The Trio would later win a Grammy Award in 1991 and sell more than ten million copies of their performance together as the Three Tenors. Placido Domingo is also famous for performing in such acclaimed places as New Yorks Metropolitan theater, Londons Covent Garden and Milans La Scala. He also landed starring roles in such operas as Parsifal. Domingo has also made many recordings including wones with American singer and songwrite John Denver, Diana Ross and Dionne Warwick. In 1983, Domingo published his autobiography, My First Forty Years. In it he tells of his childhood growing up in Spain and Mexico and even details of his pers...

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Art - Essay Example 2) Duration - this was observed through rhyme, length of the notes, and the speed. Through the nursery rhymes, different notes such as the short notes and long notes was seen to make the nursery rhyme more meaningful. 4) Pitch – this was observed through ‘Mary Had A Little Lamb,’ as it involved the high and low notes of the keyboard. When playing the keyboard, the faster notes demonstrated the pitch while shorter notes displayed lower pitch. Belly Dancing consumed ten hours, which involved attending lessons from a family friend, who is a belly dancer, as well as watching belly-dancing videos on YouTube. I met with instructor, the family friend, once a week for nine weeks with each session being one hour, in length. The last hour was done by practicing on the YouTube videos in which demonstrated the different moves of belly dancing. Eventually, through these lessons, I learnt the different belly dancing movements. 4) Space - through dancing, I was taught how to use the space and specifically personal space, an aspect that links to relationships. Additionally, I managed to use the space optimally, and safely to avoid the occurrence of any accident. All the elements of dance are linked, and successfully organise a well-structured dance. The music played along the dance demonstrated that fast beats of the songs meant fast dance movements resulting in a fast structure, while slow beats meant that the movements were slower. The number of hours completed in this art form is twenty hours. Before I began knitting, I thought of either a scarf or a beanie, which were the items I intended to knit. After evaluation of the exercise involved in knitting of both items, I decided to do a scarf. Due to lack of sufficient practice in the past, I was very slow at the onset of the process but gradually improved my speed as I progressed. Within the stipulated twenty hours, I was glad to have successfully completed two Yarn rolls; one has tints

Negative Effects of Advertising on American Youth Essay

Negative Effects of Advertising on American Youth - Essay Example One of the ways through which companies use technology is through advertising and marketing. Through this, companies communicate with consumers, mainly creating awareness about their new products, or promoting their companies, for increased profitability. Marketing and advertising benefits the company the most, since this promotes company products, hence more sales for the company. On the other hand, consumers too benefit from marketing and advertising, as this makes them aware of the products in the market by different companies, thus are able to make their purchasing decision, after comparing various products in the market. However, advertising and marketing is also known to have negative influences on the target population for which the adverts are aimed. Marketing and advertising has negative effects on the youth in America, and these include eating disorders and obesity, body dissatisfaction, violence, and consumerism. Commercial broadcasting is highly used by different companie s today. The television is the most known for airing most commercials advertisements today. This is probably because more people have access to the television; therefore, companies can reach a larger number of people through the television. On the other hand, print magazines are also a channel for advertisements, which is used by different companies. Most youth, especially the females, are highly attracted to fashion magazines, which are available and produced by various companies. Similarly, outdoor advertising, which involves different outdoor activities planned by a company, are mainly aimed at promoting the company and its products. Other forms of outdoor advertising include transit posters, bus adverts, bench advertising, and highway billboards, which communicate various messages from a company to the public. Nonetheless, apart from promoting and boosting company sales, these different forms of advertising have negative effects on the youth in America. Advertisements and the ap proach used therein are considered to brainwash most people and affect the perspective of people on morals and self-image (Harper, Brit and Tiggemann 645). In the United States, there is the right to freedom of speech for advertisers, and this could probably be the reason why these sometimes ignore the negative implications of most of their advertisements. With regard to body dissatisfaction, most youth in America are influenced by the body images in various advertisements, and therefore, think of those as the ideal body images (Hargreaves and Tiggemann 469). In television advertisements for beauty products for both male and females, model women and men are used. In the past, women models were portrayed as plumb and healthy, however, today, models are portrayed as skinny (Sparks 217). On the other hand, male models on television advertisements today are portrayed as men with steroidal masses, with muscles, and great strength. According to Hargreaves and Tiggemann, the exposure to th e model body images in television advertisements has a negative impact on the perceptions of the youth about their bodies (470). These might therefore, look for ways of attaining the â€Å"ideal† body, as portrayed in television advertisements. The second negative effect of advertisements to the youth in America is obesity and eating disorders. Obesity is a growing problem in the United States today. This problem affects the youth also, and this is highly attributed to the massive advertisements shown on the television and other advertising platforms, promoting fast food. Obesity is lethal, since this could lead to type 2 diabetes. The main factor promoting this in the United Sta