Diplomacy and How America Does It

In its basic social sense, â€Å"diplomacy† is defined as the art of getting along with other people in a sensitive, tactful, and effective manner. In its political sense, diplomacy is the art of conducting polite, non-confrontational negotiations between representatives, knows as â€Å"diplomats,† of various nations. Typical issues dealt with through international diplomacy include war and peace, trade relations, economics, culture, human rights, and the environment. As part of their jobs, diplomats often negotiate treaties  -- formal, binding agreements between nations -- which must then be approved or â€Å"ratified† by the governments of the individual nations involved. In short, the goal of international diplomacy is to reach mutually acceptable solutions to common challenges facing nations in a peaceful, civil manner. How the US Uses Diplomacy Supplemented by military strength along with economic and political influence, the United States depends on diplomacy as the primary means of achieving its foreign policy goals. Within the U.S. federal government, the presidential Cabinet-level Department of State has primary responsibility for conducting international diplomatic negotiations. Using the best practices of diplomacy, the ambassadors and other representatives of the Department of State work to achieve the agency’s mission to â€Å"shape and sustain a peaceful, prosperous, just, and democratic world and foster conditions for stability and progress for the benefit of the American people and people everywhere.† State Department diplomats represent the interests of the United States in a diverse and rapidly-evolving field of multi-national discussions and negotiations involving issues such as cyber warfare, climate change, sharing outer space, human trafficking, refugees, trade, and unfortunately, war and peace. While some areas of negotiation, such as trade agreements, offer changes for both sides to benefit, more complex issues involving the interests of multiple nations or those that are particularly sensitive to one side or the other can make reaching an agreement more difficult. For U.S. diplomats, the requirement for Senate approval of agreements further complicates negotiations by limiting their room to maneuver. According to the Department of State, the two most important skills diplomats need are a complete understanding of the U.S. view on the issue and an appreciation of the culture and interests of the foreign diplomats involved. â€Å"On multilateral issues, diplomats need to understand how their counterparts think and express their unique and differing beliefs, needs, fears, and intentions,† notes the Department of State. Rewards and Threats are Tools of Diplomacy During their negotiations, diplomats may use two very different tools to reach agreements: rewards and threats. Rewards, such as the sale of arms, economic aid, shipments of food or medical assistance, and promises of new trade are often used to encourage agreement. Threats, usually in the form of sanctions restricting trade, travel or immigration, or cutting off financial aid are sometimes used when negotiations become deadlocked. Forms of Diplomatic Agreements: Treaties and More Assuming they end successfully, diplomatic negotiations will result in an official, written agreement detailing the responsibilities and expected actions of all nations involved. While the best-known form of diplomatic agreements is the treaty, there are others. Treaties A treaty is a formal, written agreement between or among countries and international organizations or sovereign states. In the United States, treaties are negotiated through the executive branch by the Department of State. After diplomats from all countries involved have agreed to and signed the treaty, the President of the United States sends it to the U.S. Senate for its â€Å"advice and consent† on ratification. If the Senate approves the treaty by a two-thirds majority vote, it is returned to the White House for the president’s signature. Since most other countries have similar procedures for ratifying treaties, it can take sometimes take years for them to be fully approved and implemented. For example, while Japan surrendered to allied forces in World War II on September 2, 1945, the U.S. did not ratify a Treaty of Peace with Japan until September 8, 1951. Interestingly, the U.S. has never agreed to a peace treaty with Germany, largely because of the political division of Germany in the years after the war. In the United States, a treaty may be nullified or canceled only by the enactment of a bill approved by Congress and signed by the president.   Treaties are created to deal with a wide array of multinational issues including peace, trade, human rights, geographic borders, immigration, national independence, and more. As times change, the scope of subjects covered by treaties widens to keep pace with current events. In 1796, for example, the U.S. and Tripoli agreed to a treaty to protect American citizens from kidnapping and ransom by pirates in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2001, the United States and 29 other countries agreed to an international agreement to combat cybercrime. Conventions A diplomatic convention is a type of treaty that defines an agreed-upon framework for further diplomatic relations between independent countries on a wide variety of issues. In most cases, countries create diplomatic conventions to help deal with shared concerns. In 1973, for example, representatives of 80 countries, including the United States, formed the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to protect rare plants and animals around the world. Alliances Nations typically create diplomatic alliances to deal with mutual security, economic or political issues or threats. For example, in 1955, the Soviet Union and several Eastern European communist countries formed a political and military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet Union proposed the Warsaw Pact as a response to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), formed by the United States, Canada and Western European nations in 1949. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Since then, several Eastern European nations have joined NATO. Accords While diplomats work to agree on the terms of a binding treaty, they will sometimes agree to voluntary agreements called â€Å"accords.† Accords are often created while negotiating particularly complicated or controversial treaties involving many countries. For example, the 1997 Kyoto Protocol is an accord among nations to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases.   Who Are the Diplomats? Along with an administrative support staff, each of the nearly 300 U.S. embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions worldwide is overseen by one presidentially appointed â€Å"ambassador† and group of â€Å"Foreign Service Officers† who assist the ambassador. The ambassador also coordinates the work of representatives of other U.S. federal government agencies in the country. At some large overseas embassies, personnel from as many as 27 federal agencies work in concert with the embassy staff. The ambassador is the president’s top-ranking diplomatic representative to foreign nations or international organizations, like the United Nations. Ambassadors are appointed by the president and must be confirmed by a simple majority vote of the Senate. At larger embassies, the ambassador is often assisted by a â€Å"deputy chief of mission (DCM). In their role as â€Å"chargà © daffaires,† the DCMs serve as the acting ambassador when the main ambassador is outside the host country or when the post is vacant. The DCM also oversees the day-to-day administrative management of the embassy, as well as the work if the Foreign Service Officers. Foreign Service Officers are professional, trained diplomats who represent U.S. interests abroad under the direction of the ambassador. The Foreign Service Officers observe and analyze current events and public opinion in the host nation and report their findings to the ambassador and Washington. The idea is to ensure that U.S. foreign policy is responsive to the needs of the host nation and its people. An embassy generally houses five types of Foreign Service Officers: Economic Officers: work with the host nation’s government to negotiate new trade laws, ensure internet freedom, protect the environment, or fund scientific and medical advances.Management Officers: are the â€Å"go-to† diplomats with responsibility for all embassy operations from real estate to staffing to budgeting.Political Officers: advise the ambassador on political events, public opinion, and cultural changes in the host nation.Public Diplomacy Officers: have the sensitive job of building support for U.S. policies within the host nation through public participation; social media; educational, cultural and sports programs; and all manner of daily â€Å"people-to-people† relations.Consular Officers: assist and protect American citizens in the host nation. If you lose your passport, get in trouble with the law, or want to get married to a foreigner overseas, the Consular Officers can help. So, what qualities or traits do diplomats need to be effective? As Benjamin Franklin said, â€Å"The qualities of a diplomat are sleepless tact, unmovable calmness, and a patience that no folly, no provocation, no blunders may shake.†

Food Warning Labels - 1561 Words

Warning Labels Sergio Mansilla Devry University People know what are they exactly they are eating? No because there is no warning labels in the food packages. Same may oppose my position. To argue that warning labels are necessary for fast food. It would cause consumers to think twice before they decide to eat fast food. However, my research has says warning labels should be on food and help people understands what they are eating. â€Å"Americans continue to face many challenges as they debater these important issues and aim to make the food supply as safe as possible†. Warning labels should be including in food packages because they will help people take control of what they consume and food industries will have to provide healthier†¦show more content†¦The mainstream companies are buying organic food companies. Some of which sell organic, healthy sounding chips, cookies, sodas, but they are still sailing some other unhealthy junk food we eat. But also there not enough food to give to everyone in world but if eve ryone purchase a little more of organic food from farmers markets it would make a huge differences. Right now only a small fraction of the population is buying more organic foods with labels, also fraction are growing and the food industry needs growth for us to eat healthier. Adding a Nutrition information panel will guide buyers to choose healthier products to help people avoid unhealthy diets. The food industry influences nutrition and health. In negative or positive way that depending if it has a food label Nestlà © Marion ascertains food producers and manufactures of dietary supplements convinced the public, and congress that their products did not need to be regulated by the a Food and the Drug Administration. Also questionable effects of â€Å"fortifying foods† considered junk food is that practice that promotes unhealthy eating more negative affect of the food industry are also examined. Children are also a prime target for food industry. The producers know exactly what is going on with our food products and manufactures because they have seen it in person when pursues the food products. It the food companies should be involvedShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 Pagesjunk food companies, this outbreak cont inues to claim thousands of lives each year. In our country today, this epidemic trails tobacco use in the second leading cause of preventable death. Many researchers have studied this horrible plague, and the only cure is the motivation to live a healthier lifestyle. Although the profits from major junk-food companies contribute significantly to America s economy, the nation is blind to the detriment of junk food to their bodies: therefore, junk food shouldRead MoreFast Food Criticism Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesCriticism of Fast Food Fast food refers to the type of food offered in fast food restaurants(agregale mas a la oracion o pone otra definicion de fast food). This kind of food is prepared and made ready to be eaten within the least time possible. It represents the kind of food that comprises foodstuffs that are readily available for sale in stores and restaurants prepared from several ingredients that can be preheated or precooked without any complications and can be served in a takeaway design.Read MoreGenetically Modified Organisms1661 Words   |  7 PagesFood products in our community are being genetically modified or being grown next to or transported with none genetically modified food. 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And, in 1985 other labels including warnings for Lung Cancer, Heart Diseases, Emphysema and that Smoking during pregnancy is Dangerous, wereRead MoreAnalysis Of DonT Blame The Eater By David Zinczenco1057 Words   |  5 Pagesbut, big corporations and fast food restaurants have a big part in this obesity epidemic. Although Zinczenco does not say so directly, he apparently assumes that the fast food industry is completely at fault for the growing health issues in children, including diabetes. Throughout his article, he makes it clear that an individual should be able to obtain self control whenever consuming fast food, however, he goes into explanation that the deception on food labels is what really fumes the flamesRead MoreObesity : A Growing Epidemic908 Words   |  4 Pagesa more western one, the rate of worldwide o besity has doubled since 1980. A western diet primarily consists of highly processed foods. This type of food is composed of high concentrations of sugar, sodium, fats, and carbohydrates. Through trade and multinational fast-food companies, globalization has allowed greater access to these very cheap and unhealthy processed foods. The trend of globalization increasing the number of obese people has been labeled by the World Health Organization as â€Å"globesity†Read MoreThe Importance Of Labeling Gmos948 Words   |  4 Pagesunnecessary, citizens disagree and suggest GMOs should be labeled because labels provide benefits and also allow people to have positive attitudes regarding GMOs; also not labeling GMOs infringes on an American citizen’s freedom and the labels could start a governmental public campaign which could present positive nutritional attributes. When reading a label often times people are turned away from a product because the label contains a word that media has deemed corrupt or unfit. GMOs should be labeledRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater1173 Words   |  5 Pagessuing fast food companies for making them fat. He tells the readers that the consumer is not necessarily at fault, the food industry is the true culprit. Zinczenko argues that children are not at fault and the fast-food industry is to blame for selling unhealthy food with inadequate nutritional information available. The problem of children eating too much fast food has become a national crisis, causing an increase in childhood diabetes and obesity in recent years. The lack of healthier food alternativesRead MoreSafety Of Food And Drugs Consumption1448 Words   |  6 PagesSafety in food and drugs consumption is a necessity to consumers. It is the FDA s responsibility to ensure food and drug safety for the public. That’s why the FDA is what happens when a gency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness. As the Food and Drug Administration Progresses it had became a reliable source for Americans .President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938 to provide the publicRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods: Are They killing Us?849 Words   |  3 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms are foods that have had their DNA altered scientifically to either produce bigger crops, resist diseases, and control insects as well as weeds and other crop related hazards. While the companies that manufacture GMO’s throughout the world state that these crops are safe for human consumption, many people disagree with the companies claim of safety. Several scientific studies that have been conducted on GMO’s show that these foods have the potential to cause significant

Comparison of Haitian and French Revolutions free essay sample

While there are some major similarities and differences among these two revolts, the Haitian Revolution was more enlightened and fought for a more righteous cause. One way that the Haitian revolution was more enlightened than the French Revolution was in the way that women were treated during and after the revolts. While Haitians put gender aside to fight racial hatred, in France the women were fighting with the men against the upperclass and also simultaneously fighting against their own class for social equality. They weren’t allowed to vote and also weren’t considered citizens. The real kicker in all of this, is that women weren’t even considered to be a prosecuted group of people. For the most part, it was believed that this submissive way of life was just women’s role in society, so there was no need to change it. [1] Ironically, women were the driving force behind the revolution when men started to lose faith. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Haitian and French Revolutions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the biggest events that led to the success of the French Revolution was the invasion of Versailles where a huge group of people, mainly women, charged the city going after the Queen. They also killed several guards and stole flour from the King’s chamber in the process and marched the royal carriage carrying the King and Queen to Paris so they could see what life was really like outside of their royal city. [2] Even after women proved their worth to society with actions like these, they were still excluded when the people of France finally overthrew the monarchy and formed a democracy. Once this new â€Å"equal† form of government was established, women still had to fight for many more years before being seen as equals to the men they helped to gain those rights. Before the Haitian Revolution, slaves of both sexes were tortured and oppressed in the same ways. During the revolution, the slaves worked together towards a common goal of freedom without concerns of gender. This shows in the aftermath of the revolts when the slaves were granted freedom, because men and women of color had gained the same rights. The male slaves were able to recognize that their sisters and wives struggled just as much as they had and that the women had contributed to the efforts just as much as the men did; and that they deserved these same rights. After being treated so badly for so long, the slaves were much more appreciative of freedom and didn’t fights amongst themselves over who they felt deserved more freedom. In their eyes, they had been equals for a long time. Probably one of the main reasons that the Haitian Revolution was more enlightened than the French is simply for the sole purpose of the two revolutions. For France, the middle class was extremely upset at the fact that the clergy and the King and Queen were more than comfortable with money and food while the rest of France was hungry and barely making ends meet. 3] While this was a serious inequality and the people had every right to be angry, it still doesn’t compare with the sufferings of the slaves in Haiti. They were not only treated as property, but were brutally abused. While the people in France were upset that the jobs they had weren’t providing them with much, the slaves in Haiti were being forced to labor on plantations that they did n’t want, and beaten or killed if they showed any signs of opposition. Sometimes owners of the slaves would make them punish each other in front of their friends and families in order to make a point. 4] The fact that the slaves were fighting against something so brutal is what makes their revolution so much more inspiring and worthwhile. The French were fighting because they wanted money to be distributed more evenly, and the slaves wanted to be treated like human beings, rather than animals that no one really wanted. Some people argue that the French were more rational about their protest methods because the slaves of Haiti based their entire revolt around violence. Although the French Revolution became very bloody with the Great Terror, there were always people who opposed the violence and the terror only occurred after years of protest had gotten them nowhere. At first it was Robespierre who strived for more peaceful ways of opposition. Once he got to be more volatile with his ideals, people finally killed him and ended the violent acts taking place and finished their revolution without the mass killings. [5] In Haiti, the revolution began and ended with massacres. At first, the slaves started attacking their masters and burning their fields. With no one to follow, everything was pretty chaotic. Then a leader emerged and it looked as things may begin to calm down. Toussaint Louverture had grown up on a progressive plantation where he learned to read and write and grew up to study African and European cultures. He was respected by the slaves and drew up a proposal for freedom while trying to keep the slaves from being violent. Although his proposal was more than reasonable, the whites declined and the slaves once again began killing off their owners, burning plantations and even fighting off European armies until they gained their freedom several years later. 6] Although it appears as if the Haitian slaves didn’t try very hard to remain peaceful in their attempts at gaining freedom, they had a serious disadvantage that the French middle class did not. In France, the middle class men were still seen as people, just people with less worth than those who were part of the clergy or in the government. This sounds awful and it was, but people will still listen to other peopl e if enough of them are saying the same thing. The slaves in Haiti weren’t even seen as people and were treated worse than animals. While one can say that one attempt at a peaceful protest isn’t enough to justify killing thousands of people, in reality, they had no choice. Their opinion was never going to have any validity in the eyes of the people who were in control and if they wanted freedom, they were going to have to take it for themselves. Both the French and Haitian revolutions were huge turning points for oppressed people in the 18th century. While the French middle class was fighting against their government for equal representation and a more fair distribution of wealth, the slaves of Haiti were fighting for their freedom. However, because of France’s attitude towards women and the overall reasons for the beginnings of these revolutions, it’s clear that the Haitian slaves had a better understanding of humanity and were the more enlightened people throughout their struggle, regardless of their methods of obtaining their freedom. Their battle against racism and discrimination is one that people today can appreciate and learn from, and will forever be a representation of what can be accomplished when enough people fight for what they believe in with passion. Works Cited Aste, Patricia. Egalite for All: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian Revolution. Koval Films, LLC. 2009. Shultz, Doug. The French Revolution. Peter Schnall. 2005. Wajda, Andrzej, Dir. Danton. Les Films de Losange, 1983. Film. Willis, Stuart. â€Å"Women and the French Revolution. † Michigan State University.

Review for the World That Trade Created free essay sample

In trade routes and otherwise greed led to violence. We will write a custom essay sample on Review for the World That Trade Created or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was demonstrated through slavery, piracy, and control of ivory and opium. African slavery began from greed; Europeans needed labor to fuel their large trading productions and manufacturing of the traded goods. Micronesian slavery and destruction was caused by the Spanish conquistadors in their infamous quest for gold, god, and glory. Through greed the conquistadors decimated an entire civilization to obtain their gold.However the British and Dutch reaped many economic benefits of this perhaps even without knowledge of where heir wealth had come from. Piracy, also fueled by greed, began as small bands, but eventually transformed into large companies of corporate raiders. The demanding trade Of ivory and opium came from greed and addiction. They became key luxury items for wealthy Europeans, and it was the incentive for wars and violence. Boomerang demonstrates throughout chapter five that greed led to violence.Gold, God, and Glory powered everything in the beginning. The Spanish enslaved the Aztec when they conquered them to help them with sugar production rates, increasing their profit. The Spanish also attempted to invert the Aztec to Catholicism, and if they rebelled, they were forced into slavery in the name of God. Lastly, they were immensely proud because they managed to conquer the Aztec, claiming the land as their own while also beginning the use of slavery.Slavery was also pertinent later in history when the Dutch, seeking revenge upon the Spanish while also being enticed by the wealth sugar trade brought, conquered a port in Brazil, controlling the sugar trade. However, they did not have enough slaves to take advantage of the sugar, so although they opposed it at first, traveled to African ports and obtained slaves by exchanging luxury goods for human lives. Although the Portuguese regained control of the sugar production in Brazil, the Dutch still utilized the advantages of slavery in Africa and the exploitation of human lives that were not theirs to control.Lastly, Robinson Crusoe eventually learned to abandon his ideas of self sufficiency and rejection of luxury, and entered into the slave trade, enticed by the wealth it would bring him. Before corporations, there were family ties. Blo od was the medium that bound together the many companies of the time. One example of such a Emily company was Samuel Resellers fur trading house. As Rockefeller added to his company, he also prepared his son Max to take over the company in the future. Eventually, Max would continue passing the company to his three sons.However, by the 16005, there was an obvious advantage to using corporations to conduct business. Corporations were impersonal alliances that provided a logical and easy way to do business on a large-?global-?scale. The first corporations were anonymous with wide distributions of power and not really necessary until the railroad boom in the sass. However, these corporations gave birth to something useful at the time: corporate raiders. With the amount of sea trade that was happening, corporate raiders became the new pirates.Made of refugees, criminals, runaways, and mercenaries, corporate raiders are referred to as multinational, multivalent, democratic bands of sea rovers. Although they had less dignity and were more violent than traditional pirates, corporate raiders were often favored in the eyes of the law, signifying governments involvement in trade. After all, trade was a fruitful source of income. As the greed and available wealth grew, so did violence on the seas. The history of trade has taught us a lesson about greed, and the horrors it can lead to.Greed for products often leads towards violence. Two outstanding examples of this were the result of Great Britains greed for Chinese Tea, and King Loopholes desire to begin an ivory market. Hooked on the imported Chinese Tea, British people had little to Offer in return. Struggling to find compensation for their needed beverage, the British discovered the advantages of trading opium for tea. Easily seducing the Chinese with a cheep alternative for compensation, their greed for tea only grew.Becoming comfortable with their trading situation, the British were infuriated when the Chinese attempted to stop the Opium Trade. Finally resulting in battles between the British and Chinese, (know as the Opium Wars), the British were guaranteed their tea, and granted what they wanted, at the cost of violence. King Leopold II, the monarch of Belgium. Having a lack of colonies, King Loopholes only hope for new territory would be in Africa. He began to show interest in Africa by becoming an advocate for illegal slave read and other issues thus becoming popular among the African people.Building roads, hospitals, and other infrastructure the African population began to acquire a strong trust for him. Starting his turn on Africa, King Leopold began to use African mercenaries in 1 879 to control the Kong. His reasons for this were to control much land in Africa and declare the seized land his property. Gaining wealth from the trading the abundant ivory, his greed for land and tusks only grew. Natives were eventually brutalized, ears and limbs were severed off of those that opposed him. After leaving piles of dead elephants for the natives to discard, his soldiers sailed down the Congo river shooting the Landau, or Mongo for sport. King Loopholes greed for wealth from ivory trade brought horrible violence to the people of Africa, and caused a decrease in the elephant population. Both the trade of tea, and ivory caused greed for those who desired it, and when the threat of a stop to the trade presented itself, violence was the only answer, today we can see the same pattern carrying out as it did hundreds of years ago, as greed for oil grows.